Development and application of an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibody to porcine circovirus 4 in pigs

Lian, Zhengmin; Liu, Jinbiao; Liu, Panrao; Zhu, Zhenbang; Yao, Xiaohui; Yuan, Lili; Hu, Danhe; Jiang, Yan; Chen, Changhai; Chen, Nanhua; Li, Xiangdong

doi:10.1111/tbed.14267

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since GyH1 lacks a cell culture propagation system, PCR has been used as a method to detect GyH1 infection. Since the capsid proteins of some single-stranded circular DNA virus, such as duck circovirus [ 21 ], porcine circovirus [ 22 , 23 ], and chicken anemia virus [ 24 ], may induce antibody responses during viral infection, recombinant capsid protein-based serological tests should be useful tool for epidemiological investigations. VP1 is the major capsid protein abundantly produced during GyH1 infection, with high immunogenicity and stability [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological investigation of Gyrovirus homsa1 infections in chickens in China

et al. 2022

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Background Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1) (also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3) is a non-enveloped, small, single-stranded DNA virus, which was first identified in children with acute diarrhea, and was subsequently detected in marketed chickens, broilers with transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP), and mammals. GyH1 is a pathogenic virus in chickens, causing aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and multisystem damage. However, the seroepidemiology of GyH1 infection in chickens remains unclear. Here, we investigated the seroprevalence of GyH1 in chickens by ELISA to reveal the endemic status of GyH1 in China. Results An indirect ELISA with high sensitivity and specificity was developed for investigation of seroepidemiology of GyH1 in chickens in China. The seropositive rate of GyH1 ranged from 0.6% to 7.7% in thirteen provinces, and ranged from 4.1% to 8.1% in eight species chickens. The seropositive rate of GyH1 in broiler breeders was significantly higher than that of in layers. There was a negative correlation between seropositive rate and age of chickens. The highest and lowest seropositive rate were present in chickens at 30–60 days and over 180 days, respectively. Conclusions The seroepidemiological investigation results demonstrated that natural GyH1 infection is widespread in chickens in China. Different species showed different susceptibility for GyH1. Aged chickens showed obvious age-resistance to GyH1. GyH1 has shown a high risk to the poultry industry and should be highly concerned.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we developed an indirect ELISA using the GyH1 viral capsid protein as the coating antigen. ELISA assay can be used to detect specific antibody IgG of all GyH1 strains with sensitivity and specificity of 93.4% and 98.5%, respectively [ 21 – 23 ]. The results showed that the indirect ELISA has high sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological investigation of Gyrovirus homsa1 infections in chickens in China

et al. 2022

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“…PCV4 Rep-specific antibodies were detected in sera from pigs of various ages, with the highest prevalence (67.8%) in sows, and the earliest evidence from a sample collected in 2008 [ 5 ]. In another serological survey of 1048 pig serum samples collected from Jiangsu province of China between 2018 and 2021, 3.44% of samples had PCV4 Cap-specific antibodies [ 27 ]. Although these serological studies provided insights into the prevalence of PCV4 in pigs, dynamics of viremia and antibody responses to PCV4 infections in swine herds require further investigation.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Pcv4 and Clinical Diseases Associated With T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As four distinct PCV are circulating in swine herds worldwide, exploring serologic cross-reactivity of PCV4 with other PCV is important to establish reliable serological diagnostic methods. Two studies demonstrated that the established PCV4 ELISA, based on Rep or Cap, had no serological cross-reactions with positive sera of other PCV [ 5 , 27 ]. Moreover, our previous study also demonstrated an absence of cross-reactions between PCV4 and either PCV2 or PCV3 [ 23 ].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current knowledge on epidemiology and evolution of novel porcine circovirus 4

Wang

Mai

Yang

et al. 2022

Vet Res

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Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is a newly emerging virus, with both PCV4 genomic DNA and specific antibodies detected in swine herds in several provinces in China and South Korea. Although the virus was first identified in 2019 in Hunan, China, retrospective research suggests that serum samples collected as early as 2008 were positive for PCV4 antibody. Infections with only PCV4 or co-infections with other pathogens have been associated with several clinical manifestations, but its pathogenesis remains to be determined. The purpose of this review was the following: (1) to characterize PCV4 epidemiology by assessing evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity of PCV4 strains circulating in swine herds; (2) to reconstruct a computerized 3D model to analyze PCV4 Cap properties; (3) and to summarize the current evidence of PCV4-associated clinical-pathological manifestations. The origin of PCV4 is apparently distinct from other PCV, based on analysis of phylogenetic trees. Of note, PCV4 shares an ancient common ancestor with mink circoviruses. Furthermore, the amino acid residue at position 27 of the PCV4 Cap is a key benchmark to distinguish PCV4a (27S) from PCV4b (27 N), based on PCV4 strains currently available, and variation of this residue may alter Cap antigenicity. In addition, the capsid surface of PCV4 has characteristics of increased polar residues, compared to PCV2, which raises the possibility that PCV4 may target negatively charged host receptors to promote virus infection. Further studies are required, including virus isolation and culture, and more detailed characterization of molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV4 in swine herds.

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“…The most recently reported PCV, namely, PCV4, was first identified in Chinese farmed pigs with severe clinical disease in 2019 [ 5 ]. Thereafter, several groups have conducted epidemiological investigations on PCV4 and found that PCV4 also exists widely in pigs [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Kim et al found that the positive rates of PCV4 in individual pig samples and at the farm level were 39.3% and 45.7%, respectively [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Strains Circulating in China Are Relatively Stable and Have Higher Homology with Mink Circovirus than Other Porcine Circovirus Types

Chen

Niu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is a newly identified porcine circovirus (PCV) belonging to the Circovirus genus Circoviridae family. Although several groups have conducted epidemiological investigations on PCV4 and found that PCV4 also exists widely in pigs, there are few reports on the origin and evolution of PCV4. In this study, the genetic relationship between PCV4, mink circovirus (MiCV), bat circovirus (BtCV), PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 was analyzed, and the consistency of viral proteins in three-dimensional (3D) structure and epitopes was predicted. We found that the genome and protein structure of PCV4 was relatively stable among current circulating PCV4 strains. Furthermore, PCV4 was more similar to MiCV in terms of its genome, protein structure, and epitope levels than other PCVs and BtCVs, suggesting that PCV4 may be derived from MiCV or have a common origin with MiCV, or mink may be an intermediate host of PCV4, which may pose a great threat to other animals and/or even human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the infection and variation of PCV4, analyze the host spectrum of PCV4, and establish the prevention and treatment methods of PCV4 infection in advance.

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Development and application of an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibody to porcine circovirus 4 in pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Serological investigation of Gyrovirus homsa1 infections in chickens in China

Serological investigation of Gyrovirus homsa1 infections in chickens in China

Current knowledge on epidemiology and evolution of novel porcine circovirus 4

Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Strains Circulating in China Are Relatively Stable and Have Higher Homology with Mink Circovirus than Other Porcine Circovirus Types

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