Development and application of a cloud point method for the extraction of natural estrogens E1 and E2 from urine samples and their simultaneous determination by HPLC-EC using a BDD electrode

Amorim, Kamila P. de; Andrade, Leonardo S.

doi:10.1039/c7ay00047b

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The use of such high potentials is only possible with BDD electrodes. An alternative process for cathodic pretreatment of the electrode was employed by de Amorim and Andrade (de Amorim and Andrade, 2017) consisting of an anodic polarization (0.5 A cm −2 for 30 s) followed by a cathodic pretreatment (−0.5 A cm −2 for 150 s) in a 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution for estrogens detection. Estrone and estradiol were determined after extraction from human urine.…”

Section: Bdd Electrode Coupled To Hplc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems

et al. 2019

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Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes present several notable properties, such as the largest potential window of all electrode materials (especially in anodic potentials), low background and capacitive currents, reduced fouling compared to other electrodes, mechanical robustness, and good stability over time. On the other hand, flow-based systems are known as well-established approaches to minimize reagent consumption and waste generation and with good compromise between sample throughput and analytical performance (mechanization of chemical assays). This review focuses on the use of BDD electrodes for electrochemical detection in flow systems, such as flow injection analysis (FIA), batch injection analysis (BIA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The discussion deals with the historical evolution of BDD, types of electrochemical pre-treatments (cathodically/H-terminated or anodically/O-terminated), cell configurations, and analytical performance. Articles are discussed in chronological order and subdivided according to the type of flow system: FIA, BIA, HPLC, and CE.

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Section: Bdd Electrode Coupled To Hplc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems

et al. 2019

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“…The analyses of the proposed method used small volumes of sample (1.5 mL), considering that it was not necessary to perform urine dilution, thus reducing possible errors associated with this step. A total preparation time of ≈2 min was needed per sample when the sampling well plate system was operated at maximum capacity, which favors the highthroughput of this method, because multiple samples can be analyzed simultaneously, while the other methods required much longer times, up to 1 h [23,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Analytical Parameters Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid as a novel extractor phase in thin film solid‐phase microextraction for determination of hormones in urine

Turazzi

Morés

Carasek

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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In this study, different polyanilines were synthesized and evaluated for the determination of three hormones, including 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and estrone, in urine using a novel methodology based on thin film solidphase microextraction technique, employing the sampling well plate system.The extractor phases, designated as polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid, polyaniline doped with oxalic acid, polyaniline-silica doped with hydrochloric acid, and polyaniline-silica doped with oxalic acid, were characterized by electrical conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimized extraction conditions were composed of 1.5 mL of urine and pH adjusted to 10, with no need to dilute sample and the desorption step, 300 μL of acetonitrile was used. The calibration curves were performed in the sample matrix, with detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.30 to 3.03 μg L −1 and from 1.0 to 10.0 μg L −1 , respectively, with r ≥ 0.9969. The relative recoveries ranged from 71% to 115%, and intraday precision showed values ≤12% and interday ≤20%. The applicability of the method was successfully evaluated, and six urine samples from female volunteers were analyzed. The analytes were not detected or were below the limits of quantification in these samples.

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“…Conventionally, in many cases the CPT is preceded by an APT to clean the BDDE surface, oxidizing any strongly adsorbed organic contaminant . For example, the electroanalytical determination of the herbicide picloram was carried out using a CPT‐BDDE, whose pretreatment was always preceded by an APT; the CPT or APT involved polarizations at −2.0 V or +2.0 vs .…”

Section: Electroanalytical Applications Of Electrochemically Pretreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

et al. 2020

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The several outstanding properties of boron‐doped diamond electrodes (BDDEs) have allowed their application for various purposes, among them electrochemical sensing. However, the electrochemical response of many redox species on BDDEs can be strongly dependent on whether their surfaces are predominantly hydrogen‐ (HT) or oxygen‐terminated (OT). Fortuitously, electrochemical pretreatments themselves can be used to enrich in situ the BDEE surface in one or the other type of termination. The surface of a cathodically pretreated BBDE (CPT‐BDDE) becomes enriched in HTs, whereas that of an anodically pretreated BDDE (APT‐BDEE) becomes enriched in OTs. Thus, when suitable, the electrochemical activity of a BDDE for a given analyte may be tuned by electrochemical pretreatments, yielding enhanced sensing properties. The main purpose of this review is the compilation and discussion of papers published after 2009 reporting on electroanalytical applications based on a CPT‐BDDE or an APT‐BDDE. Procedures to perform proper electrochemical pretreatments are also discussed.

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Development and application of a cloud point method for the extraction of natural estrogens E1 and E2 from urine samples and their simultaneous determination by HPLC-EC using a BDD electrode

Abstract: The determination of hormones in urine by CPE using chromatographic methods coupled to an electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to real analyses.

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems

Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems

Polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid as a novel extractor phase in thin film solid‐phase microextraction for determination of hormones in urine

Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

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