Development and application of a twin open-top chambers method to measure soil HONO emission in the North China Plain

Xue, Chaoyang; Ye, Can; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Ma, Zhilong; Liu, Pengfei; Zhang, Chenglong; Zhao, Xiaoxi; Liu, Junfeng; Mu, Yujing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.245

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Atmospheric sulfate is principally from the SO 2 oxidation pathway, including gas-phase reactions with OH radicals or stabilized Criegee intermediates, heterogeneous-phase reactions on the surface of particles, and aqueous-phase reactions with dissolved O 3 , NO 2 , H 2 O 2 , and organic peroxides, as well as autoxidation catalyzed by TMI Li et al, 2018;Ravishankara, 1997;Shao et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2016;Xue et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2018). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

et al. 2020

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Abstract. A vast area in China is currently going through severe haze episodes with drastically elevated concentrations of PM2.5 in winter. Nitrate and sulfate are the main constituents of PM2.5, but their formations via NO2 and SO2 oxidation are still not comprehensively understood, especially under different pollution or atmospheric relative humidity (RH) conditions. To elucidate formation pathways of nitrate and sulfate in different polluted cases, hourly samples of PM2.5 were collected continuously in Beijing during the wintertime of 2016. Three serious pollution cases were identified reasonably during the sampling period, and the secondary formations of nitrate and sulfate were found to make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM2.5 under the relatively high RH condition. The significant correlation between NOR, NOR = NO3-/(NO3-+NO2), and [NO2]2 × [O3] during the nighttime under the RH≥60 % condition indicated that the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 involving aerosol liquid water was responsible for the nocturnal formation of nitrate at the extremely high RH levels. The more often coincident trend of NOR and [HONO] × [DR] (direct radiation) × [NO2] compared to its occurrence with [Dust] × [NO2] during the daytime under the 30 % < RH < 60 % condition provided convincing evidence that the gas-phase reaction of NO2 with OH played a pivotal role in the diurnal formation of nitrate at moderate RH levels. The extremely high mean values of SOR, SOR = SO42-/(SO42-+SO2), during the whole day under the RH≥60 % condition could be ascribed to the evident contribution of SO2 aqueous-phase oxidation to the formation of sulfate during the severe pollution episodes. Based on the parameters measured in this study and the known sulfate production rate calculation method, the oxidation pathway of H2O2 rather than NO2 was found to contribute greatly to the aqueous-phase formation of sulfate.

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Section: Formation Mechanism Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

et al. 2020

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“…Atmospheric H2O2 and HONO were monitored by AL2021-H2O2 monitor (AERO laser, Germany) and a set of double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography (SC-IC), respectively (Ye et al, 2018;Xue et al, 2019a;Xue et al, 2019b). More details about the measurements of H2O2 and HONO were ascribed in section M2 of the SIs.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Liu¹,

Ye²,

Xue³

et al. 2019

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Abstract. A vast area in China is currently going through severe haze episodes with drastically elevated concentrations of PM2.5 in winter. Nitrate and sulfate are main constituents of PM2.5 but their formations via NO2 and SO2 oxidation are still not comprehensively understood, especially under different pollution or atmospheric relative humidity (RH) conditions. To elucidate formation pathways of nitrate and sulfate in different polluted cases, hourly samples of PM2.5 were collected continuously in Beijing during the wintertime of 2016. Three serious pollution cases were identified reasonably during the sampling period and the secondary formations of nitrate and sulfate were found to make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM2.5 under the relatively high RH condition. The significant correlation between NOR and NO2 &#215; O3 during the nighttime under the RH &#8805; 60&#8201;% condition indicated that the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 involving aerosol liquid water was responsible for the nocturnal formation of nitrate at the extremely high RH levels. The more coincident trend of NOR and HONO &#215; DR (direct radiation) &#215; NO2 than Dust &#215; NO2 during the daytime under the 30&#8201;% < RH < 60&#8201;% condition provided convincing evidence that the gas-phase reaction of NO2 with OH played a pivotal role in the diurnal formation of nitrate at moderate RH levels. The extremely high mean values of SOR during the whole day under the RH &#8805; 60&#8201;% condition could be ascribed to the evident contribution of SO2 aqueous-phase oxidation to the formation of sulfate during the severe pollution episodes. Based on the parameters measured in this study and the known sulfate production rate calculation method, the oxidation pathway of H2O2 rather than NO2 was found to contribute greatly to the aqueous-phase formation of sulfate.

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“…A quarter of each filter was heated with temperature programming to 140 o C, 280 o C, 480 o C and 580 o C in the helium atmosphere for analyzing OC1, OC2, OC3 and OC4, respectively, and then to 580 o C, 780 o C and 840 o C in the atmosphere of 98 % helium and 2 % oxygen for analyzing EC1, EC2 and EC3, respectively, by using a thermal optical carbon analyzer (DRI-2001A). The pyrolyzed OC (POC) is defined as the carbon fraction that has combusted after the initial introduction of oxygen and before the laser reflectance signal returns its original value, and it is assigned to the OC fraction (Ma et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2013). Then, OC = OC1 + OC2 + OC3 + OC4 + POC and EC = EC1 + EC2 + EC3 -POC.…”

Section: M1 Sample Analysis For Wsis Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric HONO was measured by a wet chemical method that is named after stripping coil (SC) equipped with ion chromatograph (IC) and was described in detail by our previous studies (Xue et al, 2019a;Xue et al, 2019b). Briefly, hourly HONO samples were absorbed by ultrapure water in the SC with the gas flow rate of 2 L min -1 and the absorption solution flow rate of 0.2 mL min -1 .…”

Section: M2 Measurements For Atmospheric H2o2 and Honomentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary material to "Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry"

Liu¹,

Ye²,

Xue³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development and application of a twin open-top chambers method to measure soil HONO emission in the North China Plain

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Supplementary material to "Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry"

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Development and application of a twin open-top chambers method to measure soil HONO emission in the North China Plain

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry

Supplementary material to &quot;Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry&quot;

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Supplementary material to "Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous and aqueous-phase chemistry"