Development and Analysis of a Rumen Tissue Sampling Procedure

Abstract

A procedure for rumen tissue sampling was developed to determine treatment effects on rumen development and papillae growth in young calves and to improve repeatability in rumen tissue sampling techniques. Rumens were collected from 42 male Holstein calves from 4 separate experiments. Rumen sampling areas (n = 9) included the caudal dorsal blind sac, cranial dorsal sac, cranial ventral sac, and the caudal and ventral portions of the caudal ventral blind sac. Right and left sides of the rumen were sampled. Five 1-cm2 sections were removed from each area and measured for papillae length (n = 20/area), papillae width (n = 20/area), rumen wall thickness (n = 5/area), and number of papillae per cm2 (n = 5/area). Correlations between areas, samples, and measurements were obtained, and comparisons between experiments, areas, samples, and measurements were performed for all variables. In addition, power analyses were conducted for all variables to determine the efficacy of the procedure in detecting treatment differences. Results indicate that samples should be taken from the caudal and cranial sacs of the dorsal and ventral rumen to sufficiently represent papillae growth and development throughout the entire rumen. The procedure is capable of detecting treatment differences for papillae length and papillae width, has a decreased but acceptable capability of detecting treatment differences for rumen wall thickness, but appears limited in ability to detect treatment differences for papillae per square centimeter. In conclusion, rumen tissue sampling to determine extent of rumen development in calves can be performed in a nonbiased and repeatable manner utilizing a limited number of calves.

The growth performance and meat quality of goats fed diets based on maize or wheat grain

“…Previous studies have investigated the effects of the physical form of starter feed (Abdelgadir and Morrill, 1995;Beharka et al,1998), type and level of hay, and grain processing on feed consumption, growth performance, and ruminal (Coverdale et al, 2004;Lesmeister et al, 2004;Suárez et al, 2007). A greater growth rate for the lambs given maize as opposed to wheat was reported by Ørskov et al (1974a).…”

Efeito da adição de butirato de sódio, propionato de cálcio ou monensina sódica no concentrado inicial sobre parâmetros ruminais e de desenvolvimento do rúmen de bezerros leiteiros

“…Os resultados de contagem de papilas por cm 2 geralmente apresentam grande variabilidade entre os dados (Lesmeister et al, 2004) e diminuem consideravelmente a possibilidade de detecção de diferenças entre os aditivos, principalmente por se tratar de um procedimento passível de erros. Coelho et al (2000) observaram alturas de papilas de amostras do saco ventral do rúmen de bezerros desaleitados aos 30 dias e abatidos aos 90 dias de idade, de aproximadamente 2 mm.…”

“…Foram avaliadas três amostras por animal e mensuradas pelo menos 10 papilas de cada amostra para determinação de altura e largura médias, conforme proposto por Lesmeister et al (2004).…”

Inclusion of Molasses or Glucose Syrup in Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves: Effects on Diarrheic Calves

“…However, the use of byproducts for young calves feeding may present negative factors since these animals are still in the process of developing their rumen (Lesmeister et al, 2004) and have a reduced ability to efficiently use some nutrients. This lower ability may cause an increase in the incidence and/or severity of diarrhea, thereby resulting in worsening of clinical metabolic disorders.…”