Development aid and infant mortality. Micro-level evidence from Nigeria

Kotsadam, Andreas; Østby, Gudrun; Rustad, Siri Aas; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø; Urdal, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.022

Cited by 122 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…The result justifies the effectiveness of developmental schemes and programs of foreign donors in Nigeria's health sector which has drastically increased access to infant immunization, thereby reducing mortality rate, and life expectancy rate in the country. By reporting a positive link between health ODA and health outcomes, this result agrees with the findings of Hsiao and Emdin (2015), Afridi and Ventelou (2013) and Kotsadam et al (2018) but contrasts the findings of Irfan and Nehra (2016).…”

Section: Bound Testing Analysissupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In specific terms, attention is paid to the literature addressing the role of aid in reducing the infant mortality rate. A study by Kotsadam, Østby, Rustad, Tollefsen, and Urdal (2018) empirically established that geographical proximity to active aid projects reduces infant mortality in Nigeria, especially among the less privileged group. The study adopted a subnational approach to ODA-infant mortality relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies abound in the literature on the impact of foreign aid on economic growth, health and education in both developed and developing countries (Afridi & Ventelou, 2013;Birchler & Michaelowa, 2016;Hsiao & Emdin, 2015;Irfan & Nehra, 2016;Kotsadam et al, 2018;Riddell & Nino-Zarazua, 2016). Several empirical studies have investigated the impact of foreign aid on human capital development based on cross country analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development Aid and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: A Sector Level-Analysis

Olanrele¹,

Awode²

2020

Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research

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Developing countries are generally faced with financial gap and budget constraints, and as such are dependent on aids to meet basic social and economic responsibilities. However, there are increasing concerns regarding the effectiveness of aid in developing countries, owing to worsening social and economic outcomes despite the huge amount of aid received from donor countries and institutions. This study therefore examines the effects of sector specific aid such as: health aid and education aid on life expectancy and primary school enrolment rate respectively in Nigeria, controlling for the influence of government expenditures on health and education. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was adopted with annual data from 1981 to 2017. Findings revealed that health aid is beneficial as it significantly increases life expectancy by about 0.03%. Recurrent expenditure complemented health aid by increasing life expectancy by 0.03%. However, education aid is detrimental to primary school enrolment as it reduces the rate by 0.07%. Thus, it is concluded that education aid have not had the desired impact on education in Nigeria.

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Section: Bound Testing Analysissupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development Aid and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: A Sector Level-Analysis

Olanrele¹,

Awode²

2020

Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research

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“…Our work also contributes to the economics literature on the role of donor aid in development (Alesina and Dollar, 2000;Burnside and Dollar, 2000;Easterly, 2006;Nunn and Qian, 2014;Bräutigam and Knack, 2004). While a robust literature has found mixed results on the benefits of foreign aid for development (Burnside and Dollar, 2000;Moyo, 2009), a more recent literature has noted that health aid may have positive impacts on human capital outcomes particularly in asset constrained regions (Odokonyero et al, 2015;Kotsadam et al, 2018;Gyimah-Brempong, 2015;Miguel and Kremer, 2004;Bandiera et al, 2019;Ndikumana and Pickbourn, 2017). Our paper provides quantitative evidence of the barriers to targeting donor aid and adds to the evidence of partial crowd-out that may occur, in areas like routine vaccination, when donor aid increases in response to epidemics of infectious disease (Bloom, Canning et al, 2004;Deserrano, Nansamba, and Qian, 2020;Aldashev, Marini, and Verdier, 2019).…”

Section: Shocksmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Epidemic Effect: On the Politics and Economic Burden of Infectious Disease

2020

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Epidemics of infectious disease can have deleterious effects on economic development except mitigated through global health governance and domestic institutions. We investigate this hypothesis by examining the effects of sudden exposure to meningitis on economic outcomes using evidence from the meningitis belt in sub-Saharan Africa. Meningitis shocks reduce economic activity and child health outcomes in periods when the World Health Organization (WHO) does not declare an epidemic year. These effects are reversed when the WHO declares an epidemic year. A primary mechanism explaining the heterogeneity in results may be the influx of donor aid when the WHO declares an epidemic year. We document an increase in World Bank health aid projects approved during epidemic years. Areas that receive more health aid have more economic activity though health projects funded during epidemic years are rated relatively worse by independent evaluators. Domestic institutions influence resource distribution, with regions that are co-ethnic with the president having better outcomes than non-co-ethnic areas. The results are robust to extensive controls and using the timing of the Islamic Hajj to instrument for meningitis shocks. * Thanks to Nancy Qian and participants at the Southern Economics Association conference for useful comments and suggestions. Thanks to Sophie Danzig and Bertina Kudrin for excellent research assistance. The research benefited from conversations with World Bank employees, and we thank them for helpful comments as well. We are grateful to

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“…Further, as development aid targeted to the financial sector promotes financial development(Maruta 2018) and financial development could positively influence trade openness(Svaleryd and Vlachos 2002, Kim et al 2010), we infer that development aid for the financial sector could result in higher trade openness.Summing up, development aid could positively or negatively influence trade openness depending on whether the aforementioned positive effects dominate its eventual negative effect on exports through the appreciation of the real exchange rate.6) See a literature review on the subject matter in Abby and Nio-Zarazua (2016). 7) A comprehensive literature review on the effect of development aid on health outcomes could be found inKotsadam et al (2018). 8) This is because, in general, better quality products require quality control procedures and better technology, with both requiring better educated workers(Fafchamps 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tax Reform and Trade Openness in Developing Countries

Gnangnon

2019

Journal of Economic Integration

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Developing countries are confronted with the progressive erosion of their trade tax revenue, which then reduces their total tax revenue. In light of the unavoidable process of trade liberalization, such countries have engaged in tax transition reform to change their tax revenue structure in favor of domestic tax revenue. The current analysis uses a measure of tax transition reform (tax reform) to examine whether countries that engage in tax reform experience greater trade openness. The empirical analysis covers 92 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 and shows that tax reform is positively associated with trade openness. Interestingly, least developed countries (LDCs) appear to enjoy a higher effect of tax reform on trade openness than non-LDCs do. This is confirmed by a more general picture that shows how less advanced developing countries enjoy a higher positive effect of tax reform on trade openness than relatively advanced developing countries do.

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Development aid and infant mortality. Micro-level evidence from Nigeria

Cited by 122 publications

References 50 publications

Development Aid and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: A Sector Level-Analysis

Development Aid and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: A Sector Level-Analysis

The Epidemic Effect: On the Politics and Economic Burden of Infectious Disease

Tax Reform and Trade Openness in Developing Countries

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