Development activities on NIR large format MCT detectors for astrophysics and space science at CEA and SOFRADIR

Boulade, O.; Moreau, Vincent; Mulet, P.; Gravrand, O.; Cervera, C.; Zanatta, J. P.; Castelein, Pierre; Guellec, Fabrice; Fièque, B.; Chorier, Philippe; Roumegoux, Julien

doi:10.1117/12.2231295

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Preventing amplifier glow from affecting the detectors has been a goal of detector developers, but even today newly developed detectors can show significant amplifier glow. 3 The H2RG detectors developed for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) by Teledyne 4,5 have a long heritage tracing back to the NICMOS detectors. Over time, Teledyne has been able to design ROIC to be able to block the light path from the offchip amplifiers to the detector layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero dark current in H2RG detectors: it is all multiplexer glow

Regan

Bergeron

2020

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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We present the analysis of James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared H2RG detectors with a 5-μm cutoff, which shows that, at temperatures <60 K, there is no measurable dark current. Instead, the observed signal in dark exposures is almost entirely due to multiplexer glow that arises as each pixel is selected. We are able to separate the per-sample glow from the timedependent dark current by comparing the observed signal in both continuous and sparsely sampled dark exposures. Such explicit tests are required to break the degeneracy between dark current and uniform amplifier glow. We show that the glow is lower within the regions of the detector that are missing the epoxy back fill (voids). We also find that the glow from each pixel extends out to a radius of several pixels. Because of the higher sampling frequency of subarray observations, the per-sample glow leads to a higher apparent dark current in subarray exposures. Finally, we show that the magnitude of the glow is affected by the pixel source follower current, the pixel clocking rate, and the number of outputs running in parallel. Our measurement of an insignificant dark current shows that the detector noise is no longer limited by the quality of the mercury cadmium telluride layer but instead by the multiplexer and readout electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero dark current in H2RG detectors: it is all multiplexer glow

Regan

Bergeron

2020

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…Figure 11 shows the best reported QE values for infrared focal plane arrays operating in the SWIR band for the space application by Teledyne in the USA and Sofradir in France at an operating temperature of T = 90 K. 46 Epitaxial growth and detector structure are summarized in Table I. Sofradir has reported two identical SWIR FPA grown by MBE (p-on-n technology) and LPE (n-on-p technology).…”

Section: Theoretical Modelling Of Qe and Device Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, LETI employs a monolayer quatrawave ARC as part of the standard processes of detector manufacturing, which results in a 30% increase in QE, and provides less than 5% reflectivity in the 0.7 to 2.5 spectral band. [46][47][48]…”

Section: Theoretical Modelling Of Qe and Device Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Principles for High QE HgCdTe Infrared Photodetectors for eSWIR Applications

Akhavan

Umana‐Membreno

et al. 2022

J. Electron. Mater.

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In this paper, we study the limiting mechanisms and design criteria of HgCdTe photodetectors for extended shortwave infrared applications with ultra-high quantum efficiency (QE) in both n-on-p and p-on-n technologies. Numerical and analytical models are employed in order to study the possibility of achieving ultra-high QE eSWIR detectors for the operational wavelengths of approximately 2.0 μm, and our study shows that by proper design of absorber layer and doping density, such a detector can be engineered. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) lifetime, absorber layer doping density and absorber layer thickness all have an impact on the quantum efficiency whether the detector is used as a small-area pixel element in a focal plane array or as a discrete large-area detector for sensing applications.

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“…As the number of pixels increases for the totality of the spectrometer, we are confident to a linear increase of the volume of the optical part of Nano-Carb (from the objective to the FPA), driven by the size of the sensitive area on the detector. As an example, if we evaluate a volume of ~ 250 cm 3 with one NGP, the volume with a next generation 2 k 2 k NGP-like [26] will be approximately increased by a factor of eight. Weight and full thermal regulation must be treated as such, which is a real advantage compared to dispersive spectrometry techniques and scanning Fourier-transform spectrometers.…”

Section: Statistical Error On Ch4 Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

NanoCarb hyperspectral sensor: on performance optimization and analysis for greenhouse gas monitoring from a constellation of small satellites

Gousset

Croizé²,

Coarer³

et al. 2019

CEAS Space J

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NanoCarb is an innovative Fourier-transform imaging spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of CO 2 and CH 4. Both its unusual optical principle and sampling strategy allow to reach a compact design, ideal for small satellite constellation as investigated by the European project SCARBO. The NanoCarb performance assessment as well as a proof of concept is required in this framework. We have developed a design strategy to optimize the performances. We demonstrate the potential of the concept through an estimation of the sensitivity, compliant with the space mission target. We also present a preliminary mitigation of the bias induced by water on CO 2 and CH 4 retrieval, illustrating the efficiency and the flexibility of the NanoCarb partial interferogram sampling technique. The presented design reaches a sub-ppm random error for CO 2 and sub-10 ppb random error for CH 4 , considering 128 km swath and 2 by 2 km 2 ground resolution. Design optimization and more systematic performances are discussed.

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Development activities on NIR large format MCT detectors for astrophysics and space science at CEA and SOFRADIR

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Zero dark current in H2RG detectors: it is all multiplexer glow

Zero dark current in H2RG detectors: it is all multiplexer glow

Design Principles for High QE HgCdTe Infrared Photodetectors for eSWIR Applications

NanoCarb hyperspectral sensor: on performance optimization and analysis for greenhouse gas monitoring from a constellation of small satellites

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