Development

Vinogradova, T. N.; Andronova, E. V.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2500-2_4

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several species of the Orchidaceae family have tiny seeds lacking endosperm [ 16 ] with scarce seed reserves, though the oil content can be as high as 32 % [ 17 ]. Epiphytic orchids produce very small seeds to colonize the canopy of the forests [ 18 ], need light during germination, depend on mycorrhizal fungi for the initial growth and there is evidence of the inability of the embryo to use its oil reserves (oil droplets inside embryo cells) in absence of an external source of simple sugars [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive evolution of seed oil content in angiosperms: accounting for the global patterns of seed oils

Sanyal

Decocq

2016

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundStudies of the biogeographic distribution of seed oil content in plants are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in plants as seed oil is the primary energy source needed for germination and establishment of plants. However, seed oil content as an adaptive trait in plants is poorly understood. Here, we examine the adaptive nature of seed oil content in 168 angiosperm families occurring in different biomes across the world. We also explore the role of multiple seed traits like seed oil content and composition in plant adaptation in a phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic context.ResultIt was observed that the seed oil content in tropical plants (28.4 %) was significantly higher than the temperate plants (24.6 %). A significant relationship between oil content and latitude was observed in three families Papaveraceae, Sapindaceae and Sapotaceae indicating that selective forces correlated with latitude influence seed oil content. Evaluation of the response of seed oil content and composition to latitude and the correlation between seed oil content and composition showed that multiple seed traits, seed oil content and composition contribute towards plant adaptation. Investigation of the presence or absence of phylogenetic signals across 168 angiosperm families in 62 clades revealed that members of seven clades evolved to have high or low seed oil content independently as they did not share a common evolutionary path.ConclusionThe study provides us an insight into the biogeographical distribution and the adaptive role of seed oil content in plants. The study indicates that multiple seed traits like seed oil content and the fatty acid composition of the seed oils determine the fitness of the plants and validate the adaptive hypothesis that seed oil quantity and quality are crucial to plant adaptation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0752-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive evolution of seed oil content in angiosperms: accounting for the global patterns of seed oils

Sanyal

Decocq

2016

BMC Evol Biol

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“…In stage 6, a well-defined vascular connection between the protocorm dorsal crest and shoot was noted. This connection suggested that ghost orchid protocorms serve initially as photosynthetic organs during early development, similar to other orchids ( Vinogradova and Andronova, 2002 ). In situ , ghost orchid protocorms are larger than those produced in vitro .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Protocorm photosynthetic capacity has been documented in different epiphytic orchids, such as Dendrobium , Vanda and Spathoglottis ( Hew and Khoo, 1980 ). Ghost orchid protocorm persistence in situ , therefore, could be critical until the photosynthetic root system is fully established ( Veyret, 1965 ; Vinogradova and Andronova, 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative seed germination and seedling development of the ghost orchid,Dendrophylax lindenii(Orchidaceae), and molecular identification of its mycorrhizal fungus from South Florida

Hoàng

Kane

Radcliffe

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims The endangered leafless ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii, one of the most renowned orchids in the world, is difficult to grow under artificial conditions. Published information on asymbiotic and symbiotic (co-culture with a mycobiont) seed germination, seedling anatomy and developmental morphology of this leafless orchid is completely lacking. This information is critical for the development of efficient procedures for ghost orchid production for successful reintroduction.Methods Ghost orchid seedling early development stages were morphologically and anatomically defined to compare germination, embryo and protocorm maturation and seedling development during asymbiotic and symbiotic culture with one of two mycorrhizal strains (Dlin-379 and Dlin-394) isolated from ghost orchid roots in situ.Key Results Seeds symbiotically germinated at higher rates when cultured with fungal strain Dlin-394 than with strain Dlin-379 or asymbiotically on P723 medium during a 10-week culture period. Fungal pelotons were observed in protocorm cells co-cultured with strain Dlin-394 but not Dlin-379. Some 2-year-old seedlings produced multinode inflorescences in vitro. Production of keikis from inflorescence nodes indicated the capacity for clonal production in the ghost orchid.Conclusions Ghost orchid embryo and seedling development were characterized into seven stages. Fungal strain Dlin-394 was confirmed as a possible ghost orchid germination mycobiont, which significantly promoted seed germination and seedling development. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing data confirmed that Dlin-394 belongs within the genus Ceratobasidium. These results offer the opportunity to examine the benefits of using a mycobiont to enhance in vitro germination and possibly ex vitro acclimatization and sustainability following outplanting.

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“…No endosperm is present in mature seeds of almost all species of orchids; endosperm development is suppressed in the early stages of its development (Swamy, 1949; Vinogradova and Andronova, 2002; Yam et al, 2002). Based on a study of seed formation in Cypripedium parviflorum (embryo length:seed length ratio is 0.16), Carlson (1940) reported that the embryo (no endosperm in mature seeds; also see Pace, 1907) is suspended in the centre of the seed cavity (free air space) by strands of cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Dust seeds’ with undifferentiated embryos and their germination in mycoheterotrophic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae)

Baskin

2020

Seed Sci. Res.

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‘Dust seeds’ with an undifferentiated (organless) embryo are known to be produced by mycoheterotrophic species (MH) in nine families of angiosperms. However, aside from the numerous studies on seed germination of orchids, relatively little is known about germination in MH families. In the Ericaceae, some degree of mycoheterotrophy (full, partial or initial) and dust seeds with an undifferentiated embryo occur in all species in the three tribes of Monotropoideae, the only subfamily of Ericaceae with this combination of characters. In most species, the seed is <0.90 mm in the greatest dimension, the endosperm is absent (Pityopus) or consists of few to many (30–40) cells, and the embryo is minute, consisting of as few as two cells in Monotropa. Germination in Monotropoideae is monopolar, with only the radicular pole of the embryo participating in germination. Thus, germination polarity differs from that of the dust seeds of orchids in which only the plumular pole of the embryo (protocorm) participates in germination. The dust seeds in Monotropoideae require the presence of fungi, either direct contact with a fungus or the presence of a diffusible substance therefrom, to germinate (symbiotic germination). Recently, representatives of the four genera of tribe Pyroleae have been successfully germinated asymbiotically in vitro. We present a broad overview of dust-size seeds in angiosperms and conclude that they should be subdivided into at least two major categories.

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Development

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Adaptive evolution of seed oil content in angiosperms: accounting for the global patterns of seed oils

Adaptive evolution of seed oil content in angiosperms: accounting for the global patterns of seed oils

Comparative seed germination and seedling development of the ghost orchid,Dendrophylax lindenii(Orchidaceae), and molecular identification of its mycorrhizal fungus from South Florida

‘Dust seeds’ with undifferentiated embryos and their germination in mycoheterotrophic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae)

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