Developing the preliminary cost estimate for the free-form building facade in conjunction with the panel optimization process

Park, Hyung Keun; Ock, Jongho

doi:10.1007/s12205-015-0671-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The designers need to adjust the initial panel configurations to secure constructability of the panels at reasonable cost while maintaining the desired aesthetic quality of free-form shapes and cluster line smoothness of the panels. The process to change the curved panels with complex curvature into planar panels or the panels with simple curvature without damaging the visual quality of the free-form façade is called panel optimization [3,5].…”

Section: Free-form Panels Panelization and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constructing free-form buildings is much more complex than traditional rectangular ones due to the difficulty in forming and fabricating the curved façade. To produce the curved façade, the complex geometric shapes of the façade are divided into panels, i.e., the process of panelization, with forms and sizes that can be manufactured and fabricated economically [3,4]. The panels developed are classified into three categories in terms of their curvatures, i.e., planar, single-curved, and double-curved panels [5].…”

Section: Introduction 1background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing as-Built Quality of Free-Form Panels: Lessons Learned from a Case Study and Mock-up Panel Tests

Ock

2021

Applied Sciences

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Constructing free-form buildings is very complex due to the difficulty in fabricating the curved façade. To install the façade, the complex geometric shapes of the façade need to be divided into panels. The panels developed are classified into three categories in terms of their curvatures, i.e., planar, single-curved, double-curved panels. The quality of the curved façade is determined by the geometric difference between as-built and as-designed panel shapes. Among the three types of curved panels, the double-curved panel is very difficult to form, showing greater quality discrepancy than the other two panel types. Ensuring the as-built quality of the curved façade is for contractors. The main objective of this study is to enhance small/mid-size contractors’ capacity of managing the as-built quality of the double-curved panel. To meet the study objectives, a case study of a small free-form building and empirical mock-up tests of curved panels were performed and beneficial lessons for the contractors were identified through the tests. Among diverse materials, aluminum and glass-fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) were utilized for the mock-up tests. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology was employed to foster the as-built data of the case study project and the mocked-up double-curved panels. The data superimposition method was used to measure the deviation between the as-designed and the as-built data of the case study.

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Section: Free-form Panels Panelization and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Testing as-Built Quality of Free-Form Panels: Lessons Learned from a Case Study and Mock-up Panel Tests

Ock

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Free-form panels can be majorly classified into three categories according to curvature. Panels with curvature less than 5mm are termed as flat panels, those with curvature bending in one direction are termed as single curvature panels, while those with curvature bending in two directions are classified as double curvature panels [5].…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Suitability of the Cold Bending Method in Fabricating Free-form Façade Panels

Ock¹

2018

CERJ

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Free-form buildings are one of the latest unique trends in the construction industry worldwide. A number of projects have been undertaken in different parts of the world. These structures are hailed for their stunning aesthetics and jaw-dropping curvatures. However, the design, fabrication and installation of free-form façades is very difficult process as it requires unprecedented precision. Free-form façade construction could yield such distresses as towering costs, leakages and panel twisting if not well managed from early stages. The choice of a production method is paramount as it impacts on both the cost and the aesthetics of the structure. This study dwelled on the use of cold bending for fabrication of free-form façade panels. Design BIM data of a small free-form building in Korea and later mock-up panels was overlapped and compared with the As-built data of the panels obtained by laser scanning. The discrepancy in the panel data before and after construction was assessed and attributed to the method of panel fabrication used. It was then concluded that cold bending is suitable for fabrication of flat and single curvature metallic panels, but has limitations for double curvature panels depending on the degree of curvature and expertise of the fabricator.

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“…While this does not describe all aspects of the construction of the four stations, it is easy to appreciate why the project cost has been estimated at £36 million (Spring, 2007). A study into cost estimation and panel optimisation of free-form building facades used in South Korea concluded that doublecurve geometries cost twice that of single curvatures due to the complicated fabrication processes required (Park, 2015). Developers often impose restrictions on architects because of this and only specialised projects with extensive budgets can produce artistic, innovative structures like those of the previous examples.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated digital fabrication concept for composite facades

Hook¹

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Developing the preliminary cost estimate for the free-form building facade in conjunction with the panel optimization process

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Testing as-Built Quality of Free-Form Panels: Lessons Learned from a Case Study and Mock-up Panel Tests

Testing as-Built Quality of Free-Form Panels: Lessons Learned from a Case Study and Mock-up Panel Tests

Assessing the Suitability of the Cold Bending Method in Fabricating Free-form Façade Panels

Automated digital fabrication concept for composite facades

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