Developing Sustainable Alternatives from Destroyed Buildings Waste for Reconstruction Projects

Abstract

This paper examines the huge destruction that has taken place in some cities of Iraq due to the terrorist acts in recent years that led to the destruction of many buildings. It examines some of the factors that encourage the use of residues of these buildings in reconstruction processes, especially the sustainability factor, so that some residues of these buildings can be used as substitutes for natural building materials and find a difference in terms of energy consumption in the case of using natural building materials and again in the case of using the proposed alternatives. In this study, three alternatives were used: 10% recycled fine aggregates (RFA), 100% RFA, and crushed clay brick aggregate (CCBA) to produce recycled coarse aggregates. The results obtained through the use of building information modeling (BIM) technology were compared with the actual consumption of the building in the case of reconstruction using natural building materials. The simulation results were comparable to real data. They were analyzed in terms of the energy consumption life cycle and annual carbon emissions for each alternative. The best alternative was selected from the results obtained from BIM. The best alternative was found in the use of CCBA in the production of concrete roofs and floors. His final model is that the energy consumption was five times lower than the original unit, while the results of carbon emissions were equal as for the electricity consumption decreased from 23,500 kW/h to less than 23,000 kW/h.

The Effect of Air Pollution Control Auditing on Reducing Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China

“…Compared with the stepwise regression method, the bootstrap method does not require the independent variable to have a significant effect on the dependent variable but directly tests the significance of the mediating effect coefficient, which can effectively avoid the influence of the “shading effect” on the results. Thus, the bootstrap method can be a good option to analyze an indirect effect [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. The confidence intervals in this paper are all based on bootstrapping with 1000 iterations.…”

Sustainable redevelopment of urban areas: Assessment of key barriers for the reconstruction of old residential buildings

“…While there has been significant research on the renovation of old buildings, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the reconstruction of these buildings. Many studies have focused on energy‐efficient upgrades (Johansson & Wahlgren, 2017; Malmgren et al, 2016; Malmgren & Mjörnell, 2015), materials (Hasik et al, 2019; Jalil et al, 2020), and other technological factors related to the renovation of old buildings (Amoruso et al, 2018; Jalil et al, 2020; Joblot et al, 2017), but less attention has been paid to the challenges and opportunities involved in reconstructing them. Juan et al (2010) created a decision support system capable of evaluating the current state of office buildings and proposing an optimal selection of sustainable renovation measures.…”

A BIM-Based Framework and Databank for Reusing Load-Bearing Structural Elements

“…Thus, building structures generate a large amount of CDW [2]. Besides, in a post-disaster context (earthquakes and other natural disasters, war) the implementation of a reuse process not only makes it possible to limit the generation of waste but also to respond to a health and human emergency [22,23].Furthermore, load-bearing systems have a major impact among building components because of their material and energy-intensive manufacturing process [3]. Load-bearing systems represent the most substantial part of EE [24,25], with 39% according to Marzouk et al [26], and 50% and above of the total building embodied impact also called embodied carbon for Kaethner et al [27] and Veselka et al [28].…”

“…Thus, building structures generate a large amount of CDW [2]. Besides, in a post-disaster context (earthquakes and other natural disasters, war) the implementation of a reuse process not only makes it possible to limit the generation of waste but also to respond to a health and human emergency [22,23].…”