Developing success strategies for ethnic minorities in business: Evidence from Scotland

Deakins, David; Majmudar, Madhavi; Paddison, Andrew

doi:10.1080/1369183x.1997.9976595

Cited by 45 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They also tend to use their own capita1 or to obtain capita1 from the same network (Deakins et al 1997, Van Delft et al 2000, Kloosterman et al 1998, Lee et al 1997, Masurel et al 2001. f This informal network is also very important in running an enterprise.…”

Section: Network ïNformation and Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life

Levent

Masurel

Nijkamp

2003

International Journal of Social Economics

115

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic female entrepreneurship in urban economie life. The focus of the research is on the attitudes and behaviour of Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam. The main question we pose is: Are ethnic jèmale entrepreneurs special ethnic entrepreneurs or special female entrepreneurs? This paper provides an answer to this question on the basis of field surveys. The results of the case study research on Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam show that the "ethnic fernale projìle" is a "special female profile" and that Turkish female entrepreneurs are "special female entrepreneurs", particuiarly in terms of their personal and business characteristics, and their driving forces and motivations. They appear to combine their ethnic opportunities with their personal characteristics (and other opportunities) in the urban market, and to perform successfully. This is also due to the fact that they have become service providers for not only their own ethnic groups, but also for other groups in the city. , PNOSSTBLEM '3 I Introduc:ionMetropo!iian areas in many countries have increasingly turned into pluriform and muiticultural societies. Ethnic entrepreneurship and, increasingly, female entrepreneurship have become poptilar concepts in modem multi-cultural society. In a modem "multi-color" city ethnic anti female entrepreneurship tend to become an indigeneous and significant part of the local economy. Ethnic entrepreneurs and female entrepreneurs can be identifïed as having untapped job-creating potential; while they reflect different cultures and open-ended capacities for creating economie growth in cities, they are also special in urban economie life because of their growing numbers and their contributions to economie diversity.There are many similarities between these two groups in terms of their opportunities, business features, management styles, networks and associations, and the niches they have obtained in cities. Both of these groups tend to fínd opportunities for their creative economie roles in big cities and metropoles and to have different management styles and different approaches to urban economie life, which reflect their cultural diversity. They also face common barriers and problems when setting up and running businesses. There are, however, distinct differences betwekn them in terms of problems and needs, management styles andnetworks. Yet a number of problems and issues that they face are common to both groups regardless of their gender or ethnicity. Moreover, ethnic and female entrepreneurs tend to suffer fiom some diffïculties more intensively than smal1 businesses in genera1 do. The most important commonality between ?hese two groups is that they are "minorities" in urban economie life. While ethnic groups are "minorities" since they are non-natives, females are another kind of "minority", often participating less in urban economie life in the face of a male-dominared business world. However, each of the groups is itself heterogeneous...

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Section: Network ïNformation and Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intemal orientation may offer a more 5 protected market, bur will never lead to market expansion ('break-out strategy'j. An extemal orientation requires more ski& diversified communication channels and access to govemment policy support measures (see, e.g., Bates 1997, Deakins et al 1997, Deakins 1999, Van Delft et al 2000, Light and Bhachu 1993. …”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life

Levent

Masurel

Nijkamp

2003

International Journal of Social Economics

115

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“…In practice, this appears to be much less straightforward than might be expected beforehand. For example, a recent endeavour of Deakins et al (1997) who aimed to analyse successful strategies of entrepreneurs in Scotland clearly shows that policy instruments are too general and neglect the diversity in ethnic enterprises. Moreover, it is advocated that take-up will not gain from creating even more funding schemes, but that -instead -take-up will benefit especially from helping the potential entrepreneurs to exploit the current financial assistance scheme (in which networks, 8 established by ethnic community leaders, have to play a prominent role).…”

Section: Research Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As set out in Deakins et al (1997), ethnic attributes can be related to accessing resources (financial and labour), accessing markets and locational features of resources and markets. Several examples of such ethnic attributes are:…”

Section: Research Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, being trapped within one's own network impedes a successful move towards doing business with mainstream economic agents (i.e., it avoids an effective "break-out"). Recent research has emphasised the need for ethnic entrepreneurs to get integrated in mainstream markets through contacts, (human) capital formation, and marketing techniques (see e.g., Deakins et al 1997 on Scottish ethnic enterprises and Ram and Deakins 1996 on African-Caribbeans doing business in Britain).…”

Section: Economic Opportunities For Ethnic Minorities In the Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study

Delft¹,

Gorter²,

Nijkamp³

2000

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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The rapidly rising inflow of foreign migrants confronts policy-makers with many socio-economic problems. The negative externalities of uncontrolled immigration are well known and often hard to cope with. In recent years we have seen many policy initiatives based on self-reliance principles for ethnic groups. Against this background ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular strategy, as it stimulates and encourages migrants to look after themselves with a limited support of the government. Such a policy becomes an increasingly important endeavour in many large cities. Besides the conventional educational support and training programmes, such a strategy would need to implement policy strategies aiming at self-employment. An emphasis on ethnic entrepreneurship seeks to exploit the economic potential and opportunities instead of focusing on the problems minorities encounter when entering the labour market. In ethnic entrepreneurship, this potential can be utilised in a creative way, especially if well-organised projects and initiatives are set up.In this paper, various assistance programmes and urban policies in several European cities aiming at favouring ethnic entrepreneurship will be systematically compared with the aim to draw lessons for effective labour market policies. The methodological approach will employ a systematic information base concerning selfemployment strategies in the cities under investigation. A newly developed comparative statistical method for categorical information, viz. rough set analysis, will be used in order to identify critical success factors. The results suggest that utilisation of social networks is most helpful to enhance self-employment among ethnic minorities. Finally, the paper offers some lessons for the establishment of socio-cultural and ethnic networks, for strategies for improving training and education and for improvement of access to facilities and financial resources. 1 Ethnic Entrepreneurship in a Multi-cultural SocietyModern societies are moving away from a stable social and established structure toward a state of fluidity in which mobility of people (commuters, migrants) tends to become a visual landmark. The action radius of spatial mobility is steadily increasing from the local or regional scale to national and global levels (Sassen 1991;Scott 1990). The current globalisation trend, which has only recently started, will mean an even more diffuse pattern of community life, in which complex network configurations seem to play a dominant role. It seems also plausible that uniformity in society will increasingly be replaced by diversity, so that future societies will be characterised by a 'multi-colour' composition with a great cultural, social, ethnic and religious variety (cf. Cross 1992;Esping-Andersen 1993;Massey and Denton 1993;Storper 1997).The above mentioned dynamics manifests itself in particular in cross-border migration (see Nijkamp and Spiess 1994;Gorter et al 1998). It should be recognised however, that international migration as such is not a ne...

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The Low Participation of Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs: Reasons and Perceptions of Weak Institutional Embeddedness

Masurel¹,

Nijkamp

2009

Advances in Spatial Science

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The present paper addresses the lack of institutional collaboration among urban ethnic (or migrant) firms as a reason for their low innovation profile. This lack is present in various forms of institutional business cooperation, but here we focus in particular on franchising. Such weak collaborative embeddedness is noteworthy, given the fact that franchising offers for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) an important means to compete better. Poor communication, a low chance to be accepted by the external party, and economic market factors appear to be important reasons why ethnic entrepreneurs do not join franchise organizations. The low chance of acceptance is primarily reflected in the entrepreneurs' perception of their unfavorable market conditions, but in addition there are other reasons for low participation which can be rectified. From our research, general lessons can be derived which are applicable also to other situations in which ethnic entrepreneurs may also be less inclined to join institutional cooperative systems. With these lessons in mind, the competitive and innovative potential of ethnic entrepreneurs can be improved.

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Developing success strategies for ethnic minorities in business: Evidence from Scotland

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life

Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life

In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study

The Low Participation of Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs: Reasons and Perceptions of Weak Institutional Embeddedness

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