Developing strategies for stabilizing the livelihood of smallholder farmers through non-farm activities: the application of the SWOT-AHP-TOWS analysis

Abstract

Non-farm activities are a means of livelihood stabilization and are regarded as a sustainable approach to bringing balance to the economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions of sustainable livelihood. The main purpose of this study was to develop strategies for stabilizing the livelihood of smallholder farmers through non-farm activities using a combined SWOT-AHP-TOWS model. The results of analyzing the strategic space for developing strategies for stabilizing the livelihood of smallholders through non-farm activities revealed that the strengths (0.391) were more than the weaknesses (0.276) in the internal space and that the opportunities (0.195) were more than the threats (0.138) in the external space. Also, it was found that the internal challenges (S + W = 0.667) were more important than the external challenges (O + T = 0.33) in developing livelihood stabilization strategies. Further, the results showed that the beneficial space (O + S = 0.586) dominated the risky space (T + W = 0.414). Eventually, 20 strategies were developed among which the most important ones were “establishing and developing greenhouse cultivation based on the crop patterns considering the relative advantages of the villages” and “establishing microcredit foundations and funds to support the youth in getting involved in rural non-farm businesses.” In general, the results can provide new insights into the stabilization of the livelihood of smallholders through non-farm activities.

Participatory intention and behavior towards riparian peri-urban forests management; an extended theory of planned behavior application

“…Furthermore, our study identified a significant positive relationship between behavioral intention and actual behavior, supporting the notion that intention serves as a reliable predictor of subsequent behavior. This finding aligns with previous studies on environmental conservation behaviors ( Zhong et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2021 ; Baghernejad et al, 2023 ) and underscores the relevance of understanding and targeting individuals’ intentions to promote their engagement in forest management activities.…”

Does Non-Farm Employment Promote Farmland Abandonment of Resettled Households? Evidence from Shaanxi, China

“…In the context of urban resettlement, resettled households are provided with housing and access to medical and educational resources. However, securing stable non-farm employment is a pivotal factor for poverty alleviation and livelihood stabilization among resettled households [7,8]. This consideration has also become the top priority for the follow-up support of PAR [9].…”