Developing smart fabric systems with shape memory layer for improved thermal protection and thermal comfort

Raso

Journal of Industrial Textiles

et al. 2023

In recent years, great efforts have been made to research and develop advanced thermodynamic textiles that can change their thermal behavior in response to external stimuli. More specifically, shape memory alloys and shape memory polymer coatings have used for thermal comfort applications. However, the use of shape memory polymers in the form of filament yarns integrated in the fabrics has not yet reported. These fabrics have some advantages related to versatility in shape design. The aim of this study was to develop woven SMPU-based fabrics with reversible thermodynamic properties induced by weft SMPU filament yarns interlaced into polyester (PES) fabrics. To this end, PES woven fabrics with different ratios of weft SMPU filament yarns (PES/SMPU 1:0; 3:1; 1:1; 1:3, and 0:1) were developed and their thermodynamic properties (thermal resistance, water vapor resistance, and permeability index), shape memory effect, and mechanical performance were evaluated and compared to the 100% PES reference fabric. All the SMPU-based fabrics developed were classified as extremely breathable (water vapor resistance <6 m2·Pa/W) and thermally comfortable (water vapor permeability index <0.3). The fabrics integrating the SMPU filament yarns reacted dynamically to the temperature stimuli over and below Tg, whereas the 100% PES fabric showed passive thermodynamic behavior. This dynamism led to an improvement in thermal protection against an increase in ambient temperature, reaching values of 13.18 mK·m2/W in thermal resistance (PES/SMPU 0:1), while also maintaining good moisture management properties, reaching values of 5.19 m2·Pa/W in water vapor resistance (PES/SMPU 0:1).

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and characterization of reversible thermodynamic SMPU-based fabrics with improved comfort properties

Raso

Journal of Industrial Textiles

et al. 2023

“…Raw alloys (NiTi-02) (Dongguan Tege Iron and Steel Co. LTD, China) were trained to achieve shape memory effects. The specific training process is presented in our previous study [14], in which other factors of position of CF and moisture content of CF were investigated. The annealed NiTi SMA filaments were in a wave form with an amplitude of 12.5 mm and wavelength of 50 mm, which was also their structure over the austenite temperature, as displayed in figure 1.…”

Section: Preparation Of Niti Sma Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eleven SFSs are numbered and listed in table 4. Sample preparation before the formal tests follows the procedure presented in our previous study [14]. Considering different postures of human body in real conditions, the samples were tested in both horizontal and vertical orientations.…”

Section: Construction Of the Sfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, a weft-knitted fabric fully made from NiTi wires was fabricated by Wang et al [13] to be applied in a pocket. Most recently, a CF made of NiTi SMA fibers and heat retardant fibers was firstly designed and produced by Wang et al [14]. Such a composite structure has reduced the production cost when compared with merely using SMAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and fabrication of NiTi shape memory alloy/aramid composite fabric for thermal protective clothing

Pan

Wang

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

Developing fabrics with enhanced thermal protection is a cutting-edge topic in area of thermal protective clothing (TPC) for workers under heat hazards. Here, temperatureresponsive NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) filaments, which transform into a sinusoid form under a stimulus of temperature exceeding their austenite start temperature of 45.1 ℃, were prepared. Nine composite fabrics (CFs) using SMA filaments and aramid yarns, different in filament interval, air gap orientation, aramid yarn type and fabric density, were fabricated and incorporated into traditional three-layer TPC fabric system, resulting in a four-layer smart fabric system (SFS) with adaptive structure. Thermal protective performance (TPP) tests demonstrated the addition of CF could significantly slow down the rise of temperature at skin surface and prolong the time to the first-degree burn. With the decrease of filament interval or increase of fabric density, TPP of SFS was improved due to more heat accumulation within and less heat conduction through the fabric. This study would inspire engineering CFs with enhanced TPP, thus pushing forward the development of smart technology in textile engineering.

“…One advantage of SMAs is that they do not require any battery or power source for their operation. However, incorporating SMAs into clothing can be challenging, as they are difficult to be bonded directly to the clothing material [ 38 ]. Heat conduction plays a significant role in heat transfer at the interface between the inner layer of fabric and the human body’s skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

Xue,

Huang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Nano-Micro Lett.

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being. By merely broadening the set-point of indoor temperatures, we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. In recent years, there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management (PTM), aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings, clothing, and skin. The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering. An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management (PRTM), which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation. However, it is less taken into account in traditional textiles, and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM. In this review, we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM. Specifically, we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms, fabrication methods of textiles, and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities, including radiative cooling, radiative heating, and dual-mode thermoregulation. Furthermore, we will shine a light on the current hurdles, propose potential strategies, and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.