Developing Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for label‐free antigen detection

Abstract

For several decades, a multitude of studies have documented the ability of Raman spectroscopy (RS) to differentiate between tissue types and identify pathological changes to tissues in a range of diseases. Furthermore, spectroscopists have illustrated that the technique is capable of detecting disease-specific alterations to tissue before morphological changes become apparent to the pathologist. This study draws comparisons between the information that is obtainable using RS alongside immunohistochemistry (IHC), since histological examination is the current GOLD standard for diagnosing a wide range of diseases. Here, Raman spectral maps were generated using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colonic tissue sections from healthy patients and spectral signatures from principal components analysis (PCA) were compared with several IHC markers to confirm the validity of their localizations. PCA loadings identified a number of signatures that could be assigned to muscle, DNA and mucin glycoproteins and their distributions were confirmed with antibodies raised against anti-Desmin, anti-Ki67 and anti-MUC2, respectively. The comparison confirms that there is excellent correlation between RS and the IHC markers used, demonstrating that the technique is capable of detecting compositional changes in tissue in a label-free manner, eliminating the need for antibodies.

The Rocky Road From Fed-Batch to Continuous Processing With E. coli

“…Some online process controls implementing PAT are nowadays carried out with Raman spectroscopy measurements in cell culture cultivations (Abu-Absi et al, 2011; Lewis et al, 2018; Nagy et al, 2018). Esmonde-White et al found that Raman spectroscopy is already applied in GMP facilities (good manufacturing practice) for monoclonal antibody (mAB) production (Esmonde-White et al, 2017).…”

A New Look into Cancer—A Review on the Contribution of Vibrational Spectroscopy on Early Diagnosis and Surgery Guidance

“…To date, Raman and FTIR have provided the biochemical fingerprint of the genome, metabolome and proteome of biological samples under distinct conditions, delivering biochemical images and allowing researchers to detect molecular pathological changes with high accuracy. Their use has been successful for diagnosing diseases such as Alzheimer’s, dementia [ 12 , 13 ], diabetes [ 14 , 15 ], viral infections [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and cancer [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], or for identifying bacteria and fungi infecting patients (guiding physicians regarding treatment choices) [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”