Developing of natural gas transportation of Central Asia and its geopolitical and geo-economic aspects

Abstract

The gas transportation of Central Asian countries has been traditionally main part of their economic sector, because of geographical location and natural resources. Geographical and geopolitical Central Asia has significant commercial and political consequences across the region, and there gas production and export potential of the key Central Asia plays key role of gas transportation sector. Central Asian located in the centre of Eurasian continent and its transportation gas sector has very less implications in the global marketplace. Nowadays, geo-strategic role of this region is very low on global energy market. Central Asia is an important region of the Eurasian continent, touching Asia in the East and Europe in the West. The region is rich in oil, gas, gold, uranium ore and other underground minerals, and occupies an important geopolitical and strategic position, in which historically interests converged and intertwined diverse forces. This region surrounded by the giant powers Russia and China is still and strongly influenced by the unstable situation in the Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other adjacent regions. In addition, in the context of the expected increase in demand for energy resources in China, India and other Asian countries, reliable supplies of oil and natural gas from the Central Asian region contribute to the stabilization of the international energy market, in connection with which the importance of this region in terms of providing energy security.

Calculation of gas supply pressure using plastic pipes for preventing accidental emissions

“…1). Furthermore, the pressure drop of the gas pipeline section was determined as following [3][4][5]:…”

“…The key performance indicator of a gas transmission company is the fulfillment of the plan for gas transportation in the given volumes, terms and quality of gas, and the target indicator of the risk management unit in the gas transmission system is the minimum of failures (losses from realized risks) in gas supplies (maximum reliability) [1][2][3]. As a result, technological (production, operational and repair) risks come to the fore, minimizing which requires optimization of the work of structural units responsible for a reasonable assessment of the technical condition, maintenance and repair of facilities, timely renewal of production facilities with minimization of wear and tear of equipment, which is a risk factor in the failure of the gas transmission system [4].…”

Characteristics of the built environment in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East and related energy and climate policies

“…In terms of socio-economic conditions, after the long struggle endured in most countries of the region to gain independence from their colonial European rulers, the nationalist regimes that came to power tended to maintain significant control over their economies. In the early 20th century, the discovery of vast oil deposits in the Middle East coincided with increasing oil dependence in the West, creating evershifting global political dynamics (Freeman, 2021;Khatib, 2014;Khodjaeva et al, 2021). New opportunities arose in the EMME region, and since then, the build-up of the oil industry has created enormous opportunities for development in hydrocarbon-rich countries, particularly in Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.…”

Geoecological monitoring of the “Mustaqillikning 25 уilligi” gas field

“…At each local and background observation point, in accordance with the calendar schedule, samples of atmosphere, surface waters, soils were taken, and radiation measurements were also carried out [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”