Developing Nano-Structured Carbon Electrodes for Capacitive Brackish Water Desalination

Zou, Linda

doi:10.5772/19852

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that CB has higher power conductivity (∼10 S cm –1 ) than AC (∼1 S cm –1 ) . As illustrated in Nyquist plots of AC and CB flow electrodes (Figure a), the intersection with X -axis was regarded as the Ohmic resistance of flow electrode, , and the diameter of semicircle in high-frequency region represented the charge transfer resistance between the flow electrode and current collector, also known as contact resistance . Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing are shown in Figure a, and the values of Ohmic resistance and contact resistance were fitted according to a commonly used equivalent circuit (inserted in Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Black Flow Electrode Enhanced Electrochemical Desalination Using Single-Cycle Operation

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Flow-electrode electrochemical desalination (FEED) processes (e.g., flow-electrode capacitive deionization), which use flowable carbon particles as the electrodes, have attracted increasing attention, holding the promise for continuous desalination and high desalting efficiency. While it is generally believed that carbon particles with abundant microporous and large specific capacitances (e.g., activated carbon, AC) should be ideal candidates for FEED electrodes, we provide evidence to the contrary, showing that highly conductive electrodes with low specific surface area can outperform microporous AC-based electrodes. This study revealed that FEED using solely high surface area AC particles (∼2000 m 2 g −1 , specific capacitance of ∼44 F g −1 , average salt adsorption rate of ∼0.15 μmol cm −2 min −1 ) was vastly outperformed by electrodes based solely on low-surface area carbon black (CB, ∼70 m 2 g −1 , ∼0.5 F g −1 , ∼0.75 μmol cm −2 min −1 ). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that the electrode formed by CB particles led to more effective electronic charge percolation, likely contributing to the improved desalination performance. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a novel operation mode, termed single cycle (SC), which greatly simplified the FEED cell configuration and enabled simultaneous charging and discharging. Using SC mode with CB flow electrodes delivered an increased average salt removal rate relative to the more traditional short-circuited closed cycle (SCC) mode, achieving up to 1.13 μmol cm −2 min −1 . Further investigations demonstrate that up to 50% of energy input would be avoided when using CB flow electrodes operated under SC mode as compared to that of AC flow electrodes operated under SCC mode. In summary, the FEED process presented in this study provided an innovative and promising approach toward high-efficient and low-cost brackish water desalination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Black Flow Electrode Enhanced Electrochemical Desalination Using Single-Cycle Operation

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The experiments were carried out for 6 h (3 cycles), each cycle consists of adsorption process for 1 h and regeneration process for 1 h. The experiments were repeated for 180 S/cm MgCl and KCl with same treatment. The salt-removal efficiency (%) can be calculated using equation as follows [5,6]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the salt-removal of NaCl, KCl and MgCl using a carbon electrode prepared with freezing thawing method in capacitive deionization

Endarko¹,

Sari²,

Fatimah³

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Capacitive Deionization: A Promising Water Treatment and Desalination Technology

Tauk,

Cretin,

Bechelany

et al. 2024

Advances in Science, Technology &Amp; Innovation

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Developing Nano-Structured Carbon Electrodes for Capacitive Brackish Water Desalination

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Carbon Black Flow Electrode Enhanced Electrochemical Desalination Using Single-Cycle Operation

Carbon Black Flow Electrode Enhanced Electrochemical Desalination Using Single-Cycle Operation

Measurements of the salt-removal of NaCl, KCl and MgCl using a carbon electrode prepared with freezing thawing method in capacitive deionization

Capacitive Deionization: A Promising Water Treatment and Desalination Technology

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