Developing metal‐organic framework‐based composite for innovative fuel cell application: An overview

Abstract

Summary In this work, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), known as porous carbon, organic ligands, and crystalline materials have been reviewed as it consists of excellent properties, including high surface area, porosity, functional consistency, and uniform structure. The structural of MOFs, including secondary building units, open metal sites, pore sizes, functional materials, and development of MOF have been extensively studied as it helps to conduct electricity and promising good efficiency. To improve the performance in fuel cell applications, especially in catalytic activity such as oxygen reduction reaction and proton exchange membrane, the combination of MOF and other materials such as MOF/carbon material composites, MOF/metal nanoparticles (NPs), and MOF/biocomposites has been discussed in details, which can increase the potential and efficiency of catalysts. MOF‐derivatives, including MOF‐derived porous carbon, MOF‐derived NPs, MOF‐derived metal oxides, and MOF‐derived metal phosphide, has been provided in this review as it has its advantages; (a) increase the mass density of active sites, (b) increase intrinsic activity of active sites, (c) increase electrocatalyst conductivity (d), and accelerate electron transfer. Hence, it can produce materials with high thermal and chemical stability, embracing metal sites, and efficiency in active sites. These advantages have made the MOF a promising material to increase efficiency in fuel cell application and attract interest to further expand in other fields in the future.

Rationalizing Structural Hierarchy in the Design of Fuel Cell Electrode and Electrolyte Materials Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks

“…MOFs with high proton conductivities have recently attracted a lot of attention due to their outstanding properties. The coordination skeleton can deliver protons directly or through carrier particles [85,86]. MOFs, however, are restricted in their migration of proton conductors as a result of their grain-boundary structure, which leads to an insufficient conductivity.…”

“…Furthermore, because of the unique and diverse crystal structures of MOFs, it is extremely hard to directly process them for direct use in fuel cells [87]. A practical solution to this problem is to combine MOFs with materials of a polymeric nature and their advancement as composite membranes [85,88].…”

Mixed metallic NiFe / Mn‐MOF , and derived spinel Ni 0. 5 Fe 0 . 5 Mn 2 O 4 as high‐performance electrochem

“…The aim of this approach is to design special configuration, pore size, and surface area, which can boost the chemical stability, electronic conductivity, and subsequently the functionality of MOFs. Therefore, the usage of mixed metallic MOFs has also rapidly emerged in energy storage applications 8‐11 . Liu and coworkers 12 used a MOF template to prepare MnNi bimetallic hydroxide for hybrid supercapacitors.…”

A facile synthesis of CeO2 from the GO@Ce-MOF precursor and its efficient performance in the oxygen evolution reaction

“…MOFs and their derivatives are capable of getting modernized readily for their respective use in particular applications entailing gas storage (Chaemchuen et al, 2013), molecular separation (Petit, 2018), sensing (Lustig et al, 2017), adsorption (Wu et al, 2021b), heterogeneous catalysis (Chughtai et al, 2015), solar cells (Fang et al, 2018), drug delivery (Cao et al, 2020), luminescence (Allendorf et al, 2009), electrode materials (Wu et al, 2019), carriers for nanomaterials (Nadeem et al, 2018), magnetism (Thorarinsdottir and Harris, 2020), polymerization (Goetjen et al, 2020), imaging (Bieniek et al, 2021), membrane (Zornoza et al, 2013), suitable for storage of fuels (Nik Zaiman et al, 2022), thin-film systems (Shekhah et al, 2011), proton conduction (Shimizu et al, 2013), renewable energy (Zhang et al, 2017a), capture of CO 2 (Ding et al, 2019), and therapeutics and diagnostics in biomedicine (Liang et al, 2015;Bara et al, 2019;Falahati et al, 2022).…”