Developing mathematical model for diurnal variations of photosynthetic responses in Jatropha curcas L. under soil flooding

Diurnal and seasonal gas exchange characteristics of Jatropha curcas leaves

“…Jatropha curcas L. plants grown in pots show a significant variation in photosynthesis over their growing phases even in well-hydrated conditions in summer and monsoon. It is a multipurpose, drought resistant, and perennial eudicotyledon plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family (Pompelli and Orozco 2011;Verma et al 2014Verma et al , 2021. The species has great economic potential, and is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as greater economic interest lies in the seeds, which are used in the production of oils for biodiesel (Kheira and Atta 2009;Domiciano et al 2018;Verma et al 2021).…”

“…It is a multipurpose, drought resistant, and perennial eudicotyledon plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family (Pompelli and Orozco 2011;Verma et al 2014Verma et al , 2021. The species has great economic potential, and is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as greater economic interest lies in the seeds, which are used in the production of oils for biodiesel (Kheira and Atta 2009;Domiciano et al 2018;Verma et al 2021). In recent past, Jatropha planting programmes scaled-up millions of marginal farmers and landless people across India through attractive schemes (Kant and Wu 2011;Verma et al 2021).…”

“…The species has great economic potential, and is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as greater economic interest lies in the seeds, which are used in the production of oils for biodiesel (Kheira and Atta 2009;Domiciano et al 2018;Verma et al 2021). In recent past, Jatropha planting programmes scaled-up millions of marginal farmers and landless people across India through attractive schemes (Kant and Wu 2011;Verma et al 2021). Jatropha curcas gained prominence as a native species due to being strongly tolerant to water deficit conditions (Pompelli et al 2010;Abrar et al 2020) with the beginning of its economic importance worldwide.…”

“…The dynamic era of climate change involves variations in the variability or average state of the environmental variables over time, which has profoundly unbalanced and will continue to disturb natural agro-ecosystems and human life styles in the twenty-first century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014; Hu et al 2019). The worldwide temperature has experienced diurnally and seasonally asymmetric warming over the few last decades with induced frequencies of the highest climatic variables (Cohen et al 2012;Qadir et al 2014;Abrar et al 2020;Verma et al 2021).…”

“…Consequently, photochemical damage to photosystem II (PSII) may be induced under such conditions (Saibo et al 2009;Domiciano et al 2018) associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the chloroplast. Antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) confer oxidative defense system for the protection of the cells against adverse effects of ROS (Gao et al 2008;Verma et al 2021). Generally, an epigenetic response allows morphological and physiological adjustment with the environment by lowering the plant efficiency, linked with impaired A, gs, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Verma et al 2012(Verma et al , 2014Abrar et al 2020).…”