Developing Indonesia Sustainable Adventure Tourism Model

Abstract

In the Adventure Travel Development Index, Indonesia is ranked 101 out of 163 developing countries, even though it is ranked fifth in natural resources due to so many natural assets that can be developed as world-class adventure destinations. Hence, this study aims to understand the complexities of relationships between Environmental Sustainability, Social Equity & Cultural Vitality to Economic Prosperity, and Sustainable Adventure Tourism Development. This study examined 73 indicators adopted by Global Sustainable Tourism Council and Travelife to build Sustainable Adventure Tourism Model in the Indonesia context, surveyed three Adventure Tour Operators (ATOs) from 15 adventure tourism destinations, from Land Based Adventure (Nusa), Water Based Adventure (Tirta) and Air Base Adventure (Dirga), and conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study using partial least square structural equation modeling. Several findings show that although Economic Prosperity is not proven to mediate the positive influence of Governance and Environmental Sustainability on Sustainable Adventure Tourism Development, Economic Prosperity is proven to mediate the positive influence of Social Equity & Cultural Vitality on Sustainable Adventure Tourism Development. It is recommended to increase sustainable adventure tourism by creating jobs and increasing people's income.