Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives

Liu, Dai‐Huo; Bai, Zhengyu; Li, Matthew; Yu, Aiping; Luo, Dan; Liu, Wenwen; Yang, Lin; Lü, Jun; Amine, Khalil; Chen, Zhongwei

doi:10.1039/c9cs00636b

Cited by 313 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 198 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

176

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As mentioned earlier, this represents a worst-case scenario because it is well known that this electrolyte formulation leads to uncontrolled dendrite and SEI formation. 9,34 Operando solid-state NMR. To test the hypothesis that the Li-metal deposition is less dendritic and more homogeneous in the pores of the high dielectric scaffold, and that this leads to better reversibility, operando 7 Li solid-state NMR is performed, the results of which are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dielectric 3D scaffold to suppress Li-dendrites and increase the reversibility of anode-less Li-metal anodes

Wang

Liu

Thijs

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lithium metal anode is intensively investigated because it considerably increases Li-battery energy density. However, the formation of dendritic/mossy Li-metal microstructures amplifies electrolyte decomposition and Li deactivation. Here we investigate the impact of a high-dielectric porous scaffold, aiming to eliminate the fundamental driver for dendritic/mossy Li-metal growth, the large electrical field gradients at inhomogeneities at the anode surface. In an anode-less (Li-metal free) high-dielectric porous scaffold, this promotes dense plating as observed by operando solid-state NMR. Even in a simple carbonate electrolyte, 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC, the high-dielectric scaffold improves the plating/stripping efficiency up to 99.82%, extending the cycle life, indicating that electrolyte decomposition is minimized by the induced compact Li-metal plating. The large porosity of the scaffolds, non-optimized and easy to prepare, enables a specific capacity beyond 2000 mA h g-1, presenting a facile approach to promote compact Li-metal plating to improve Li-metal anode efficiency and safety.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dielectric 3D scaffold to suppress Li-dendrites and increase the reversibility of anode-less Li-metal anodes

Wang

Liu

Thijs

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because Li‐ion batteries based on graphite anodes are reaching their upper theoretical energy density limit, Li metal is considered as an ideal next‐generation anode material owing to its low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) and high specific capacity of 3860 mAh g −1 . [ 30 ] However, the practical application of Li metal anodes still suffers from severe Li dendritic growth upon cycling, which not only leads to rapid capacity fading due to the irreversible Li and electrolyte consumption, but also brings serious safety concerns such as internal short‐circuit. [ 31 ] Generally, the formation of Li dendrites originates from the uneven electric field distribution caused by the different concentration gradients of Li ions across the electrolyte; the inhomogeneous deposition of Li metal becomes more notable at high current densities.…”

Section: Non‐flammable Organic Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Flammable Liquid and Quasi‐Solid Electrolytes toward Highly‐Safe Alkali Metal‐Based Batteries

Jaumaux

Shanmukaraj

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

162

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rechargeable alkali metal (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium)‐based batteries are considered as vital energy storage technologies in modern society. However, the traditional liquid electrolytes applied in alkali metal‐based batteries mainly consist of thermally unstable salts and highly flammable organic solvents, which trigger numerous accidents related to fire, explosion, and leakage of toxic chemicals. Therefore, exploring non‐flammable electrolytes is of paramount importance for achieving safe batteries. Although replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with all‐solid‐state electrolytes is the ultimate way to solve the above safety issues, developing non‐flammable liquid electrolytes can more directly fulfill the current needs considering the low ionic conductivities and inferior interfacial properties of existing all‐solid‐state electrolytes. Moreover, the electrolyte leakage concern can be further resolved by gelling non‐flammable liquid electrolytes to obtain quasi‐solid electrolytes. Herein, a comprehensive review of the latest progress in emerging non‐flammable liquid electrolytes, including non‐flammable organic liquid electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and deep eutectic solvent‐based electrolytes is provided, and systematically introduce their flame‐retardant mechanisms and electrochemical behaviors in alkali metal‐based batteries. Then, the gelation techniques for preparing quasi‐solid electrolytes are also summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are presented. It is anticipated that this review will promote a safety improvement of alkali metal‐based batteries.

show abstract

“…[ 6 ] However, serious safety issues and poor cyclic efficiencies of Li‐metal batteries remain great challenges that severely impede their practical applications. [ 7,8 ] Specifically, Li metal tends to deposit in needle‐like or dendritic form, which may pierce the separator and cause internal short circuit in batteries. [ 9 ] In addition, the irreversible electrolyte consumption by dendritic Li during stripping and the accumulation of insulating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers would result in the undesirable electrolyte exhaustion and increased internal electrical resistance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Dendrite‐Free Lithium/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Wang

Guo

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium (Li) metal is promising in the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, its practical application is still hindered by the poor cycling performance and serious safety issues for the consequence of dendritic Li. Herein, a dendrite‐free Li/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid is proposed, which is fabricated by direct coating molten Li on CNTs, for Li‐metal batteries. The favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions are the powerful force to drive the rapid lift upwards and infusion of molten Li into CNTs network, which is the key to form a uniform metallic layer in Li/CNTs hybrid. The obtained hybrid indicates super‐stable functions even at an ultrahigh current density of 40 mA cm−2 for 2000 cycles with a stripping/plating capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells. Subsequently, this hybrid also demonstrates a significantly decreased resistance, excellent cycling stability at high current density and flexibility in the full Li‐S battery. This work provides valuable concepts in fabricating Li anodes toward Li‐metal batteries and beyond for their high‐level services.

show abstract

Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives

Abstract: Developing high-safety Li-metal anodes (LMAs) are extremely important for the application of high-energy Li-metal batteries. The recently state-of-the-art technologies, strategies and perspectives for developing LMAs are comprehensively summarized in this review.

Cited by 313 publications

References 198 publications

High dielectric 3D scaffold to suppress Li-dendrites and increase the reversibility of anode-less Li-metal anodes

High dielectric 3D scaffold to suppress Li-dendrites and increase the reversibility of anode-less Li-metal anodes

Non‐Flammable Liquid and Quasi‐Solid Electrolytes toward Highly‐Safe Alkali Metal‐Based Batteries

A Dendrite‐Free Lithium/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About