Developing habitat management systems for gramineous stemborers in South Africa

Berg, Johnnie Van den; Rebe, M; Bruyn, Joseph Jacobus De; Hamburg, H. van

doi:10.1017/s1742758400008493

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Alternative host of stemborers planted as border rows have been promoted as a means to control stemborers by various authors (Khan et al. 1997; Van den Berg et al. 2001; Ndemah et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lepidopteran cereal stemborers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon

Ndemah

Schulthess

Rü

et al. 2007

J Applied Entomology

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In Cameroon, the noctuid Busseola fusca is the most important pest of maize. The braconid Cotesia sesamiae, which is the most common larval parasitoid of noctuid stemborers in eastern Africa, was absent on B. fusca attacking maize. Thus, it is planned to introduce several strains of the parasitoid from Kenya. Pre-release surveys were undertaken in major maize growing areas to catalogue stemborer species, and larval and pupal parasitoids on maize and four wild host plant species. On maize, B. fusca was the predominant borer in all ecozones except for the lowland coastal forest, usually accounting for 60-99%, followed by the pyralid Eldana saccharina in the forest zone and the crambid Chilo sp. in the mid-altitudes. Contrary to what was reported before, the noctuid Poeonoma serrata -and not B. fusca -was the predominant borer on elephant grass, constituting 70-96% of all borers. On wild sorghum in the forest zone, the noctuid Sesamia poephaga was the most abundant species, while on Panicum sp., Chilo sp. predominated. On Setaria megaphylla in the forest zone, Chilo sp. was the most abundant species followed by Busseola quadrata. Busseola fusca was scarce on all wild grass species, indicating that previous reports on the predominance of this pest species on wild host plants were the result of misidentifications. Three tachinid and 16 hymenopteran parasitoids were obtained, most of them from B. fusca and P. serrata, on maize and Pennisetum purpureum respectively. C. sesamiae was scarce and never recovered from B. fusca on maize. In view of the new findings, acceptability and suitability studies involving the different stemborer species identified from wild plant hosts are required to determine if they will form a reproductive sink or perennate C. sesamiae populations during the off-season when maize is scarce and B. fusca is diapausing.

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“…Alternative host of stemborers planted as border rows have been promoted as a means to control stemborers by various authors (Khan et al. 1997; Van den Berg et al. 2001; Ndemah et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lepidopteran cereal stemborers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon

Ndemah

Schulthess

Rü

et al. 2007

J Applied Entomology

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“…), while an attractant plant, Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach), is planted as a trap crop around the field (Khan et al. 1997, 2000, 2001; Van den Berg et al. 2001; Khan and Pickett 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of ground‐dwelling arthropods to a ‘push–pull’ habitat management system: spiders as an indicator group

Midega

Khan

Berg

et al. 2008

J Applied Entomology

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Studies were conducted to assess the numerical response of ground‐dwelling arthropods to a habitat management system (‘push–pull’) developed to control maize stemborers using spiders (Araneae) as an indicator group. In this cropping system, maize is intercropped with a stemborer moth‐repellent (push) plant while an attractant trap crop (pull) is planted around this intercrop. Two study sites in western Kenya and one site at the Grain Crops Institute of the Agricultural Research Council in Potchefstroom, South Africa, were sampled. Treatments comprised a maize monocrop and an intercrop of maize and desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum Jacq., with Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach), as a trap crop around the field (‘push–pull’) in each site. Experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications at each site. Ground‐dwelling spiders were sampled using a combination of pitfall traps and soil samples. A total of 2175 spiders, 78 species in 18 families, were recovered in Kenya and 284 spiders, 34 species in nine families, were recovered in South Africa. Lycosidae was the most abundant family, accounting for >50% of all individual spiders and 27.6% by species richness. Spiders were significantly more abundant at the Kenyan sites than in South Africa while species diversity was significantly higher in South Africa than at the Kenyan sites. At all sites, spider abundance was significantly higher in the ‘push–pull’ than in the maize monocrop plots. However, the overall spider diversity was only significantly higher in the ‘push–pull’ than in the maize monocrop plots in South Africa. Moreover, species dominance did not differ between the two cropping systems at all sites. The results showed that the ‘push–pull’ system evidently enhances overall abundance of spiders, illustrating its potential in further pest control in the maize agroecosystems where spiders may often be one of the most important predatory groups.

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“…N octuid stem borers of graminaceous plants are important pests of crops in Africa where severe yield losses were reported from countries South of Sahara, in Southern (Van Den Berg et al 2001), Western (Moyal 1998), and Eastern Africa (Khan et al 2001;De Groote 2002) as well as from countries North of Sahara (Moyal et al 2002). In order to get a better insight into the ecology and the way of controlling these pests, studies in wild environments have been recommended for a long time (Bowden 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

From population to species: morphological and molecular diversity in east African stem borer species of the genusMangaBowden 1956 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Moyal

Rü

2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Larvae of noctuid stem borers were collected from wild monocot plants in Eastern Africa, from Ethiopia to Mozambique, and reared to the adult stage. Three species of the African genus Manga Bowden 1956 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were found, all restricted to host plants of the family Poaceae. M. melanodonta (Hampson) was collected in stems of Panicum maximum Jacquin, Setaria megaphylla (Steudel) Th. Durand & Schinz and Setaria plicatilis (Hochstetter) Engler; M. nubifera (Hampson) stat. rev., and M. fuliginosa n. sp., were both found only in stems of P. maximum. The second species was in the past sunk with M. melanodonta as a synonym, but the present study shows its validity. Descriptions are given of the new species as well as of features not yet described of known species (female habitus and male and female genitalia of M. melanodonta and M. nubifera) and of the intraspecifi c morphological variation observed in the male genitalia. Larval morphology and life habits are described. Pictures of the adults and genitalia of the other species of the genus are provided except for M. bisignata Laporte that is sunk with Busseola quadrata Bowden as a synonym (n. syn.). The molecular diversity of the collected species was studied using the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b. A complex history of successive fragmentation events was revealed. The combination of three forces appeared to have shaped this diversity: the main paleo-climatic events (successive dry and humid periods), the geological barriers, particularly the Rift Valley, and specialization on new host plants. A molecular clock proved to be acceptable for all clades except for the species that fi rst diverged, Manga fuliginosa. The dates of the major paleo-climatic events of the last 5 million years appeared to correspond to the observed divergence events when using an evolutionary rate of 1.15% per million years, with a correction for M. fuliginosa. Isolation by the Rift Valley favoured diversifi cation in some instances, and the adaptation of Manga melanodonta to new host plants enabled the colonization of humid environments. A scenario for the evolution of the group is proposed, from its origin in Austral Africa about 5 million years ago and its northward expansion, until the recent migrations of Manga nubifera during the past million years. Résumé. De la population à l'espèce : Diversité morphologique et moléculaire des foreurs de graminées d'Afrique de l'Est du genre Manga Bowden 1956 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Des larves de noctuelles foreuses ont été récoltées dans les tiges de monocotylédones sauvages en Afrique de l'est, de l'Éthiopie au Mozambique, et élevées jusqu'au stade adulte.Trois espèces du genre africain Manga Bowden 1956 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) ont été trouvées, dans des plantes hôtes appartenant uniquement à la famille des Poaceae. M. melanodonta (Hampson) a été récoltée dans des tiges de Panicum maximum Jacquin, Setaria megaphylla (Steudel) Th. Durand & Schinz et Setaria plicatilis (Hochstetter) Engler; M. nubifera (Hampson) stat. rev. et M. ful...

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Developing habitat management systems for gramineous stemborers in South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Lepidopteran cereal stemborers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon

Lepidopteran cereal stemborers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon

Response of ground‐dwelling arthropods to a ‘push–pull’ habitat management system: spiders as an indicator group

From population to species: morphological and molecular diversity in east African stem borer species of the genusMangaBowden 1956 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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