Developing generic dynamic models for the 2030 Eastern Interconnection grid

Kou, Gefei; Culliss, Jerel; Markham, Penn; Li, Fangxing; Hadley, Stanton W.; Stovall, J.P.; King, Tom

doi:10.1109/tdc.2014.6863462

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Regarding the practical relevance of our simplifying assumption: empirical values reported in [20] indicate that at least in regard to orders of magnitude, proportionality is a reasonable first-cut approximation to heterogeneity, substantially more realistic than the homogeneous counterpart.…”

Section: A a Family Of Heterogeneous Machinesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global performance metrics for synchronization of heterogeneously rated power systems: The role of machine models and inertia

Paganini

Mallada

2017

2017 55th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)

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A recent trend in control of power systems has sought to quantify the synchronization dynamics in terms of a global performance metric, compute it under very simplified assumptions, and use it to gain insight on the role of system parameters, in particular, inertia. In this paper, we wish to extend this approach to more realistic scenarios, by incorporating the heterogeneity of machine ratings, more complete machine models, and also to more closely map it to classical power engineering notions such as Nadir, Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF), and inter-area oscillations.We consider the system response to a step change in power excitation, and define the system frequency as a weighted average of generator frequencies (with weights proportional to each machine's rating); we characterize Nadir and RoCoF by the L∞ norm of the system frequency and its derivative, respectively, and inter-areas oscillations by the L2 norm of the error of the vector of bus frequencies w.r.t. the system frequency.For machine models where the dynamic parameters (inertia, damping, etc.) are proportional to rating, we analytically compute these norms and use them to show that the role of inertia is more nuanced than in the conventional wisdom. With the classical swing dynamics, inertia constant plays a secondary role in performance. It is only when the turbine dynamics are introduced that the benefits of inertia become more prominent.

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Section: A a Family Of Heterogeneous Machinesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global performance metrics for synchronization of heterogeneously rated power systems: The role of machine models and inertia

Paganini

Mallada

2017

2017 55th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)

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“…This is a standard assumption when analytically calculating performance measures such as those in (5) [7], [12]- [15], [23]. Machine measurements indicate that the ratio γ = d i /m i varies by about an order of magnitude from rotating machine to rotating machine [27], so that this assumption, while strictly speaking not justified, is not unrealistic. With this assumption, the matrix A in (4) can be rewritten as…”

Section: Closed Form Expression For the Observability Gramianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Measures in Electric Power Networks Under Line Contingencies

Coletta

Jacquod

2020

IEEE Trans. Control Netw. Syst.

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Classes of performance measures expressed in terms of H2-norms have been recently introduced to quantify the response of coupled dynamical systems to external perturbations. So far, investigations of these performance measures have been restricted to nodal perturbations. Here, we go beyond these earlier works and consider the equally important, but so far neglected case of line perturbations. We consider a networkreduced power system, where a Kron reduction has eliminated passive buses. Identifying the effect that a line fault in the physical network has on the Kron-reduced network, we find that performance measures depend on whether the faulted line connects two passive, two active buses or one active to one passive bus. In all cases, performance measures depend quadratically on the original load on the faulted line times a topology dependent factor. Our theoretical formalism being restricted to Dirac-δ perturbations, we investigate numerically the validity of our results for finite-time line faults. For uniform damping over inertia ratios, we find good agreement with theoretical predictions for longer fault durations in systems with more inertia, for which eigenmodes of the network are harder to excite.

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“…Regarding the practical relevance of our simplifying assumption: empirical values reported in [33] indicate that at least in regard to orders of magnitude, proportionality is a reasonable first-cut approximation to heterogeneity, substantially more realistic than the homogeneous counterpart. In Section VI we will discuss deviations from this assumption.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Machinesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The synchronization cost w 2 can once again be computed through Proposition 2, which requires finding the inner products h k ,h l , in this case for the functions in (33).…”

Section: B Synchronization Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Analysis of Synchronization Performance for Power Systems: Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap

Paganini

Mallada

2020

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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The issue of synchronization in the power grid is receiving renewed attention, as new energy sources with different dynamics enter the picture. Global metrics have been proposed to evaluate performance, and analyzed under highly simplified assumptions. In this paper we extend this approach to more realistic network scenarios, and more closely connect it with metrics used in power engineering practice. In particular, our analysis covers networks with generators of heterogeneous ratings and richer dynamic models of machines. Under a suitable proportionality assumption in the parameters, we show that the step response of bus frequencies can be decomposed in two components. The first component is a system-wide frequency that captures the aggregate grid behavior, and the residual component represents the individual bus frequency deviations from the aggregate.Using this decomposition, we define -and compute in closed form-several metrics that capture dynamic behaviors that are of relevance for power engineers. In particular, using the system frequency, we define industry-style metrics (Nadir, RoCoF) that are evaluated through a representative machine. We further use the norm of the residual component to define a synchronization cost that can appropriately quantify inter-area oscillations. Finally, we employ robustness analysis tools to evaluate deviations from our proportionality assumption. We show that the system frequency still captures the grid steady-state deviation, and becomes an accurate reduced-order model of the grid as the network connectivity grows.Simulation studies with practically relevant data are included to validate the theory and further illustrate the impact of network structure and parameters on synchronization. Our analysis gives conclusions of practical interest, sometimes challenging the conventional wisdom in the field. arXiv:1905.06948v1 [cs.SY] 16 May 2019Of course, other models are possible within this framework. We make the following assumption:Assumption 1. The transfer function g i (s) is stable (has all its poles in Re(s) < 0) and strictly positive real, i.e. Re[g i (jω)] > 0 for all ω ∈ R.This assumption implies that stability of the system, whichever the network.

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Developing generic dynamic models for the 2030 Eastern Interconnection grid

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Global performance metrics for synchronization of heterogeneously rated power systems: The role of machine models and inertia

Global performance metrics for synchronization of heterogeneously rated power systems: The role of machine models and inertia

Performance Measures in Electric Power Networks Under Line Contingencies

Global Analysis of Synchronization Performance for Power Systems: Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap

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