“…Seen as helpful and effective, and hence as the backdrop for the second research question, is a caring teacher-student relationship (e.g., Cefai 2013;Cooper 2011;Garza 2009;Kniveton 2004), responding with sensitivity to the developmental needs of the students (e.g., Boorn et al, 2010;Boxall 2010;Colley 2009;Doyle 2003), tuning into the students' life experiences and learning preferences (e.g., O'Connor et al, 2011), and a teaching approach that also makes use of humor (e.g., Rogers 2013) in case of doubt. The teaching of social skills and emotional literacy (e.g., Kavale et al, 2004;Rae 2012) and teaching self-regulation (e.g., Mowat 2010) are additional action approaches holding the promise for success. In didactic terms, the following is held to be effective: employing variable and differentiated learning methods (e.g., Popp et al, 2011), reducing the level of task difficulty and the task duration in order to decrease escape-motivated problem behavior (e.g., Lee et al, 1999;Moore et al, 2005), offering opportunities to respond (e.g., Haydon et al, 2012), offering choices (e.g., Shogren et al, 2004) and, finally, giving behavior-specific praise (e.g., Marchant and Anderson, 2012).…”