Developing effective vegetation bioshield for tsunami protection

Tanaka, Norio; Nandasena, N.A.K.; Jinadasa, K.B.S.N.; Sasaki, Yasushi; Tanimoto, Katsutoshi; Mowjood, M. I. M.

doi:10.1080/10286600802435850

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The model output suggested a more than 90% reduction in maximum tsunami flow pressure by a 100-m-wide forest belt when the tree density is very high (30 tree trunks per 100 m 2 ). Model results obtained by Hamzah et al (1999), Harada and Imamura (2006), and Tanaka et al (2006aTanaka et al ( , 2008b for various types of coastal vegetation, including mangroves, were very similar. Tanaka et al (2006a) modeled the relationship of speciesspecific differences in drag coefficient to tsunami height.…”

Section: Implications Of Information Obtained From Flume Experiments supporting

confidence: 79%

“…The studies by and Tanaka et al (2008b) elucidated the breaking condition for a single tree when the scouring around the tree is not severe. However, the breaking condition is not applicable for critical tree damage in the fringe area of a forest, especially the frontal vegetation on sand dunes where the substrate is not hard and severe scouring occurs.…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mascarenhas and Jayakumar (2008) also reported the length of vegetation damage in the streamwise direction. Casuarina plantations remained intact except for the frontal strips, a few trees that faced the ocean, when tsunami run-up levels ranged from 0.7 to 6.5 m and the length of flooding area from the coast varied from 31 to 862 m. Although the threshold breaking condition of a single tree has been elucidated Tanaka et al 2008b) and some investigations reported the breaking length of a forest in the tsunami current direction Mascarenhas and Jayakumar 2008), the breaking length of a forest has still not been quantitatively evaluated according to the tsunami condition. More study is needed to estimate the length because the breaking affects the dissipation of tsunami energy.…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Breaking conditions of coastal tree species and forest due to tsunami force Damage to single tree Tanaka et al (2006bTanaka et al ( , 2008b conducted tree breaking tests in situ using small-diameter trunks or branches and showed that the breaking moment curve of representative tree species can be classified into three parts by elasticity and habitat as:…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation bioshields for tsunami mitigation: review of effectiveness, limitations, construction, and sustainable management

Tanaka

2009

Landscape Ecol Eng

151

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Coastal vegetation has been widely recognized as a natural method to reduce the energy of tsunami waves. However, a vegetation barrier cannot completely stop a tsunami, and its effectiveness depends on the magnitude of the tsunami as well as the structure of the vegetation. For coastal rehabilitation, optimal planning of natural coastal systems, and their maintenance, we need to quantitatively elucidate the capacity of vegetation to reduce the energy of tsunami waves. The limitations of coastal forests in relation to the magnitude of a tsunami and the maintenance of forests as natural disaster buffer zones have to be understood correctly for effective coastal vegetation planning. Demerits of coastal forests have also been revealed: for example, an open gap in a forest (i.e., a road, river, difference in elevation, etc.) can channel and amplify a strong current by forcing it into the gap. Floating debris from broken trees also can damage surrounding buildings and hurt people. However, many studies have revealed that these demerits can be overcome with proper planning and management of mangroves and coastal forests, and that coastal vegetation has a significant potential to mitigate damage in constructed areas and save human lives by acting as buffer zones during extreme natural events. However, mangrove forests have been damaged by anthropogenic activities (i.e., tourism, shrimp farming, and industrial development), making coastal areas increasingly vulnerable to tsunamis and other natural disasters. The effectiveness of vegetation also changes with the age and structure of the forest. This highlights the fact that proper planning and management of vegetation are required to maintain the tsunami buffering function of coastal forests. Although many government and nongovernmental organizations have implemented coastal vegetation projects, many of them have been unsuccessful due to a lack of proper maintenance. A pilot project in Matara City, Sri Lanka, revealed that participation and support from local authorities and communities is essential to make the planting projects successful. An integrated coastal vegetation management system that includes utilization of the materials produced by the forest and a community participation and awareness program are proposed to achieve a sustainable and longlasting vegetation bioshield.

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Section: Implications Of Information Obtained From Flume Experiments supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Vulnerability Of Sand Dunes Coastal Vegetation and Coral Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation bioshields for tsunami mitigation: review of effectiveness, limitations, construction, and sustainable management

Tanaka

2009

Landscape Ecol Eng

151

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“…13. Integrated coastal vegetation management system (modified from Tanaka et al, 2009) gap. Floating debris from broken trees also can damage surrounding buildings and hurt people.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Limitations of Vegetation Bioshield in Coast for Tsunami Disaster Mitigagation

Tanaka¹

2011

The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology

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Aerial Root Physiology: Reaching for the Sky or Down to Earth?

Rasmussen

Dobrijevic

Ola

et al. 2019

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Aerial roots have evolved in plants from diverse ecosystems, many facing specific environmental challenges associated with their natural or agricultural setting. In coastal species exposed to wind and waves, including mangroves, soft anoxic substrates have resulted in highly developed aerial root systems. In the rainforest, aerial roots of hemi‐epiphytic figs enable life to begin higher in the canopy while climbing plants, such as ivy and Monstera s, depend on structurally very different aerial roots to climb vertical substrates. Maize, globally one of the three most important cereals, develops aerial roots presumably reducing lodging in high winds. In each of these cases, the dominant hypothesized role for aerial roots is to provide support and enabling greater heights to be reached. But do aerial roots of these plant groups also contribute to resource uptake and movement? This article explores the current knowledge of aerial root physiology and structure from each of these interesting and challenging environmental conditions and discusses how understanding these adaptations and niche requirements has value for improving crops, protecting our coastlines, improving our urban green spaces, and managing biodiversity conservation.

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Developing effective vegetation bioshield for tsunami protection

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Vegetation bioshields for tsunami mitigation: review of effectiveness, limitations, construction, and sustainable management

Vegetation bioshields for tsunami mitigation: review of effectiveness, limitations, construction, and sustainable management

Effectiveness and Limitations of Vegetation Bioshield in Coast for Tsunami Disaster Mitigagation

Aerial Root Physiology: Reaching for the Sky or Down to Earth?

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