Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed

Lurie, Nicole; Saville, Mélanie; Hatchett, Richard; Halton, Jane

doi:10.1056/nejmp2005630

Cited by 1,428 publications

(1,321 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Even with unprecedented efforts to speed the development of a vaccine 15 , it is unlikely that a pharmaceutical intervention against COVID-19 will become available in the near future. .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Burden of COVID-19 in the United States

Miller

Becker

Grenfell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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As of April 5 th 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in over 273,000 confirmed infections in the United States of America. Incidence continues to rise. As the epidemic threatens to overwhelm health care systems, identifying regions where the expected disease burden is likely to be high relative to the rest of the country is critical for enabling prudent and effective distribution of emergency resources. Across all global regions affected by the pandemic, an elevated risk of severe outcomes has consistently been observed in older age groups. Using age-specific mortality patterns in tandem with demographic data, we map a projection of the cumulative burden of COVID-19 and the associated cumulative burden on the healthcare system at the county-scale in the United States for a scenario in which 20% of the population of each county acquires infection. We identify regions that may be particularly impacted relative to the rest of the country, and observe a general trend that per capita disease burden and relative healthcare system demand may be highest away from major population centers.

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“…Even with unprecedented efforts to speed the development of a vaccine 15 , it is unlikely that a pharmaceutical intervention against COVID-19 will become available in the near future. .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Burden of COVID-19 in the United States

Miller

Becker

Grenfell

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Viral loads decreased significantly in all vaccinated macaques, but increased slightly in control animals from day 3-7 after infection ( Fig. 3C-3E (4,14,15). Although T-cell responses elicited by many vaccines have been demonstrated to be crucial for acute viral clearance, protection from subsequent coronavirus infections is largely mediated by humoral immunity (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccine types, such as DNA-, RNA-based formulations, recombinant-subunits containing viral epitopes, adenovirus-based vectors and purified inactivated virus are under development (4)(5)(6). Purified inactivated viruses have been traditionally used for vaccine development and such vaccines have been found to be safe and effective for the prevention of diseases caused by viruses like influenza virus and poliovirus (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

Gao

Bao²,

Mao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has brought about an unprecedented crisis, taking a heavy toll on human health, lives as well as the global economy. There are no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available due to the novelty of this virus. Hence, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here we developed a pilot-scale production of a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc), which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats and non-human primates. These antibodies potently neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, indicative of a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating worldwide. Immunization with two different doses (3μg or 6 μ g per dose) provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without any antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Systematic evaluation of PiCoVacc via monitoring clinical signs, hematological and biochemical index, and histophathological analysis in macaques suggests that it is safe. These data support the rapid clinical development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans. One Sentence Summary: A purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc) confers complete protection in non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating worldwide by eliciting potent humoral responses devoid of immunopathology 2017).

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“…While it has been suggested that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine might be available as early as 12-18 months from research initiation, industry stakeholders have voiced concern regarding animal model development, time to clinical trial start-up and data assessment, adequate manufacturing scale-up, regulatory concerns for vaccines developed using platform technologies, and the provision of sufficient funding to support development and procurement [1]. In addition, an evaluation of the regulatory landscape may help to identify opportunities to expedite the evaluation and emergency licensure of vaccine candidates without sacrificing safety or efficacy.…”

Section: Covid-19 Emergence and Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development and large-scale deployment of a vaccine requires substantial investment and a coalition of stakeholders to undertake research and development (including phase I to III clinical trials), manufacturing, and widespread administration. Recent efforts by national and international funders and researchers to advance the state of vaccinology for pandemics and other infectious disease emergencies have focused largely on expediting the R&D phase [1]. There has been comparatively less attention paid to modernizing, optimizing, and therefore accelerating other aspects of the vaccine enterprisenamely, manufacturing, distribution, and administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%