Developing Countries’ Concerns Regarding Blockchain Adoption in Maritime

Abstract

This paper deals with challenges of implementing blockchain (BC) technology in maritime at developing countries, with a research focus on Montenegro and South Africa. Research design and categories analyzed in the paper are chosen due to the search of relevant secondary literature resources. Selected experts in Information Technology (IT) and maritime from aforementioned developing countries were asked about their perception of BC as disruptive technology, its implementation, and implications on maritime and other industries, through a questionnaire, which contains both quantitative and qualitative parts. The results should give the readers insights into the experts’ standpoints concerning rational blockchain adoption in maritime and other industries in developing and transitional economies. The paper is organized into six sections: (1) introduction, (2) literature review on blockchain in maritime, (3) research problem and design, (4) results, (5) discussion, and (6) conclusions.

Eksplorasi Potensi Penggunaan Blockchain Dalam Optimalisasi Manajemen Pelabuhan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur

“…Kerangka kerja ini memungkinkan agen kapal, terminal, perusahaan tunda, stasiun pilot, dan pemerintah untuk berbagi informasi, yang disimpan dalam Blockchain. Di negara berkembang seperti Montenegro dan Afrika Selatan, Kapidani et al (2021) melaporkan bahwa implementasi Blockchain dibatasi oleh kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang teknologi. Durán et al (2021) menyoroti bahwa teknologi Blockchain memungkinkan transaksi yang terdesentralisasi dan transparan dalam industri pelabuhan maritim, menjamin kepercayaan, transparansi, dan ketertelusuran kargo dan data untuk dilacak.…”

“…Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu memberikan wawasan berharga tentang tantangan, peluang, dan pertimbangan yang terkait dengan penerapan teknologi Blockchain di industri pelabuhan laut. Kapidani et al (2021) melakukan studi penelitian tentang tantangan penerapan teknologi Blockchain di industri maritim negara berkembang, dengan fokus di Montenegro dan Afrika Selatan. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa para ahli Teknologi Informasi (TI) dan maritim dari negara-negara berkembang menganggap teknologi Blockchain sebagai teknologi yang mengganggu yang memiliki potensi implementasi dan implikasi pada industri maritim dan lainnya.…”

Blockchain conceptual framework in shipping and port management

“…Blockchain in the maritime sector indicates the potential to reduce transaction costs in a number of areas, including reducing the need for intermediaries such as brokers and courier services, and to reduce related financial expenses and energy costs. However, without taking into account the comparable costs of the overall investment and expenses associated with blockchain implementation and adoption, especially in developing environments [10]; [19]; [20]. Present level of awareness, knowledge, and expertise about blockchain is scarce among the stakeholders in maritime.…”

On Maritime Digitalization in Emerging Environments

“…Within this case study, we explored how maritime stakeholders in two developing countries, South Africa and Montenegro, perceive blockchain technology and its implementation in maritime. Through the methodological framework given in [26,27] we conducted the survey, which included thirteen closed-ended questions, or statements on blockchain adaption. Concerned statements included the following blockchain dimensions: knowledge, infrastructure, standards, experts, diverse stakeholders, government and regulatory policy, social influence, loss of jobs, computing and storing capacity, complexity, opportunistic behavior, sharing information, and security.…”

“…Blockchain in the maritime sector indicates the potential to reduce transaction costs in a number of areas, including reducing the need for intermediaries such as brokers and courier services and reducing related financial expenses and energy costs. However, one should not forget that this does not include the costs of the overall investment and expenses associated with blockchain implementation and adoption, especially in developing or emerging economies [26,27].…”