Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population

Løkke, Anders; Lange, Peter; Scharling, Henrik; Fabricius, P. G.; Vestbo, Jørgen

doi:10.1136/thx.2006.062802

Cited by 520 publications

(422 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[17][18][19][20] Smoking significantly increased the cumulative incidence of COPD in a 25-year follow-up study. 21 The highest incidence for all stages of COPD was 35.5% in continuous smokers, whereas the incidence of COPD in neversmokers was only 7.8%. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first regarding the interaction of smoking, depression, anxiety, and mortality in patients with COPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Smoking, Depression, and Anxiety on Mortality in COPD Patients: A Prospective Study

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND: Smoking, depression, and anxiety increase the risk of death in patients with COPD, but the combined effect of these factors is unknown. We assessed the interactive effects of smoking, depression, and anxiety on mortality in patients with COPD. METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from 7,787 subjects with COPD, in 14 rural communities, from May 2008 to May 2012, and used logistic regression to evaluate the interactions and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). We applied the attributable proportion of interaction and the synergy index to evaluate the additive interactions of the factors. RESULTS: In our COPD subjects the interaction of current smoking and depression symptoms increased the death risk by 3.8-fold (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Smoking, Depression, and Anxiety on Mortality in COPD Patients: A Prospective Study

et al. 2013

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“…2). Prospective studies suggest that 20% of smokers get COPD [25] and prevalence studies suggest ,10% of the smoking population, in a comparable age band to those with lung cancer (40-75 yrs), have COPD [5]. On the basis that ,50% of lung cancer cases have co-existing moderate to severe COPD and, conservatively, 10% of chronic smokers get lung cancer, then a disproportionate number of lung cancer cases stem from patients with pre-existing COPD (one in four or 25% get lung cancer) compared with those smokers with ''normal'' lung function (one in 16 or 6% get lung cancer; fig.…”

Section: Thoracic Oncology Rp Young Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

Young¹,

Hopkins²,

Christmas³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

575

493

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbid disease in lung cancer, estimated to affect 40-70% of lung cancer patients, depending on diagnostic criteria. As smoking exposure is found in 85-90% of those diagnosed with either COPD or lung cancer, coexisting disease could merely reflect a shared smoking exposure. Potential confounding by age, sex and pack-yr smoking history, and/or by the possible effects of lung cancer on spirometry, may result in over-diagnosis of COPD prevalence.In the present study, the prevalence of COPD (pre-bronchodilator Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2+ criteria) in patients diagnosed with lung cancer was 50% compared with 8% in a randomly recruited community control group, matched for age, sex and pack-yr smoking exposure (n5602, odds ratio 11.6; p,0.0001).In a subgroup analysis of those with lung cancer and lung function measured prior to the diagnosis of lung cancer (n5127), we found a nonsignificant increase in COPD prevalence following diagnosis (56-61%; p50.45). After controlling for important variables, the prevalence of COPD in newly diagnosed lung cancer cases was six-fold greater than in matched smokers; this is much greater than previously reported.We conclude that COPD is both a common and important independent risk factor for lung cancer.KEYWORDS: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, epidemiology, lung cancer, risk, spirometry A s only 10-15% of chronic smokers get lung cancer [1], host susceptibility factors have been implicated. Age, smoking history, family history and impaired lung function have been identified as key risk factors [2]. The question that then arises is: does the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer come down to more than a shared smoking history?Cross-sectional studies show that the prevalence of COPD is 40-70% of those diagnosed with lung cancer [3,4], although prevalence is highly dependent on diagnostic criteria, age, sex and smoking exposure [5]. As none of these studies compared the prevalence of COPD in their lung cancer cohorts with a smoking cohort matched for these variables, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Moreover, none of these studies considered that lung cancer may itself cause an obstructive effect on spirometry. It is possible that potential confounding by age, sex and packyr smoking history on COPD prevalence, and/or the possible effects of lung cancer per se on spirometry, could result in over-diagnosis of COPD and a falsely increased association between COPD and lung cancer.

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“…Worldwide, it is projected to rise to rank fifth in disease burden by 2020 (1), and in the USA, it now ranks as the third leading cause of death (2). The development of COPD among smokers is not uniform; a minority of smokers develops the disease (3), and lung function response to similar levels of cigarette smoke exposure varies greatly (4). Numerous studies have demonstrated a genetic component to COPD and smoking-related changes in lung function (5 -8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genome-Wide Association Study In COPD Identifies A Susceptibility Locus On Chromosome 19q13

Cho

Castaldi

Hersh

et al. 2011

A95. Cutting Edge Insights to the Pathobiology of Copd and Interstitial Lung Disease

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The genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still largely unknown. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of limited size have identified several novel risk loci for COPD at CHRNA3/CHRNA5/IREB2, HHIP and FAM13A; additional loci may be identified through larger studies. We performed a GWAS using a total of 3499 cases and 1922 control subjects from four cohorts: the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE); the Normative Aging Study (NAS) and National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT); Bergen, Norway (GenKOLS); and the COPDGene study. Genotyping was performed on Illumina platforms with additional markers imputed using 1000 Genomes data; results were summarized using fixed-effect meta-analysis. We identified a new genomewide significant locus on chromosome 19q13 (rs7937, OR 5 0.74, P 5 2.9 3 10 29 ). Genotyping this single * Molecular Genetics, 2012, Vol. 21, No. 4 947-957 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr524 Advance Access published on November 11, 2011nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and another nearby SNP in linkage disequilibrium (rs2604894) in 2859 subjects from the family-based International COPD Genetics Network study (ICGN) demonstrated supportive evidence for association for COPD (P 5 0.28 and 0.11 for rs7937 and rs2604894), pre-bronchodilator FEV 1 (P 5 0.08 and 0.04) and severe (GOLD 3&4) COPD (P 5 0.09 and 0.017). This region includes RAB4B, EGLN2, MIA and CYP2A6, and has previously been identified in association with cigarette smoking behavior.

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Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population

Cited by 520 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Smoking, Depression, and Anxiety on Mortality in COPD Patients: A Prospective Study

Effects of Smoking, Depression, and Anxiety on Mortality in COPD Patients: A Prospective Study

COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

A Genome-Wide Association Study In COPD Identifies A Susceptibility Locus On Chromosome 19q13

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