Developing Anti-Babesia bovis Blood Stage Vaccines: A New Perspective Regarding Synthetic Vaccines

Abstract

Bovine babesiosis is caused by the Apicomplexa parasites from the genus Babesia. It is one of the most important tick-borne veterinary diseases worldwide; Babesia bovis being the species associated with the most severe clinical signs of the disease and causing the greatest economic losses. Many limitations related to chemoprophylaxis and the acaricides control of transmitting vectors have led to the adoption of live attenuated vaccine immunisation against B. bovis as an alternative control strategy. However, whilst this strategy has been effective, several drawbacks related to its production have prompted research into alternative methodologies for producing vaccines. Classical approaches for developing anti-B. bovis vaccines are thus discussed in this review and are compared to a recent functional approach to highlight the latter’s advantages when designing an effective synthetic vaccine targeting this parasite.

Antiparasitic activity of FLLL-32 against four Babesia species, B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens and B. caballi, and one Theileria species, Theileria equi in vitro, and Babesia microti in mice

“…Because of the limitations of chemoprophylaxis and acaricide control of transmitting vectors, live attenuated vaccine immunization against B. bovis has been used as an alternate control method (Rizk et al, 2020). However, several drawbacks associated with the production of these control methods have been identified (Cuy-Chaparro et al, 2023). Therefore, safer anti-babesial medications that either cure the infection or reduce the dosages of DA, and ID supplied are likely to be more effective methods.…”