Developing and Using Bioassays to Screen for Psa Resistance in New Zealand Kiwifruit

Hoyte, S.M.; Regliński, T.; Elmer, P. A. G.; Mauchline, N. A.; Stannard, K.; Casonato, Seona; Chee, Annettee Ah; Parry, Frank; Taylor, James W. D.; Wurms, Kirstin; Yu, Jiujiang; Cornish, D. A.; Parry, Jessica

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2015.1095.21

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The green kiwifruit cultivar 'Hayward' is considered to be tolerant of Psa, while 'Hort16A' is considered highly susceptible (Hoyte et al 2015;Tyson et al 2017a). As expected, fewer 'Hayward' vines died compared with 'Hort16A' vines in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines

Tyson

Manning

Mellow

et al. 2018

NZPP

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The survival and spread over time of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines is poorly understood. Forty-eight 2-year-old vines of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ were inoculated 30 cm above the crown, either during the active growth (autumn) or dormant (winter) period in two successive years. Vines were cultivated for 3—4 years, after which bacterial isolations were made at intervals along the vines from crown to tip. Psa was found up to 220 cm above the inoculation point and in some of the crowns, 30 cm below the inoculation point. The sites where Psa was found within vines were not always contiguous. Fewer vines of ‘Hayward’ developed serious symptoms or died than ‘Hort16A’; however, more surviving vines of ‘Hayward’ were Psa-positive than those of ‘Hort16A’. Psa was able to survive for at least 4 years in apparently healthy kiwifruit vines. This has implications for the movement of asymptomatic budwood to areas without Psa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines

Tyson

Manning

Mellow

et al. 2018

NZPP

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“…The difference between Psa and Pfm lesions was greater in Exp 1 than in Exp 2 ( Figure 1 ), and lesion size in Psa- and Pfm-inoculated plants significantly increased over time in both experiments ( P < 0.001 for both experiments, LSD = 0.1209 for Exp 1 and 0.0811 for Exp 2, Figure 1 ). Although lesion length does not necessarily correspond with bacterial titre, the lesion length bioassay provides a good indication of differences in host resistance, as bioassay results correlate well with actual observations of resistance in the field ( Datson et al, 2015 ; Hoyte et al, 2015 ; Nardozza et al, 2015 ). As anticipated, Psa symptoms were significantly more pronounced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Disease severity was assessed by measuring the length (mm) of the lesion emanating from the inoculation point on each plant at several time points 13–29 days post inoculation (dpi). Lesion lengths do not necessarily correspond with bacterial titre, but the results of lesion length bioassays correlate positively with actual differences in Psa resistance observed in the field, and are used by the New Zealand kiwifruit industry to screen for Psa resistance in their breeding programs ( Datson et al, 2015 ; Hoyte et al, 2015 ; Nardozza et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormone and Putative Defense Gene Expression Differentiates the Response of ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit to Psa and Pfm Infections

et al. 2017

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) are closely related pathovars infecting kiwifruit, but Psa is considered one of the most important global pathogens, whereas Pfm is not. In this study of Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ responses to the two pathovars, the objective was to test whether differences in plant defense responses mounted against the two pathovars correlated with the contrasting severity of the symptoms caused by them. Results showed that Psa infections were always more severe than Pfm infections, and were associated with highly localized, differential expression of phytohormones and putative defense gene transcripts in stem tissue closest to the inoculation site. Phytohormone concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonate isoleucine (JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid were always greater in stem tissue than in leaves, and leaf phytohormones were not affected by pathogen inoculation. Pfm inoculation induced a threefold increase in SA in stems relative to Psa inoculation, and a smaller 1.6-fold induction of JA. Transcript expression showed no effect of inoculation in leaves, but Pfm inoculation resulted in the greatest elevation of the SA marker genes, PR1 and glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase (β-1,3-glucosidase) (32- and 25-fold increases, respectively) in stem tissue surrounding the inoculation site. Pfm inoculation also produced a stronger response than Psa inoculation in localized stem tissue for the SA marker gene PR6, jasmonoyl-isoleucine-12-hydrolase (JIH1), which acts as a negative marker of the JA pathway, and APETALA2/Ethylene response factor 2 transcription factor (AP2 ERF2), which is involved in JA/SA crosstalk. WRKY40 transcription factor (a SA marker) was induced equally in stems by wounding (mock inoculation) and pathovar inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that the host appears to mount a stronger, localized, SA-based defense response to Pfm than Psa.

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“…The bioassays were performed in controlled environments, with the stab bioassay 26 , being performed between September to December and February to April, in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Inoculations were performed with 10627 SmR, a naturally occurring streptomycin-resistant isolate of Psa biovar 3 82,83 , in the greenhouse with temperatures of 22 to 30°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screening of thousands of Actinidia genotypes from 24 taxa in the breeding program at The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) for tolerance to natural and artificial Psa infections 25,26 revealed that diploid (2 x ) A. chinensis var. chinensis are more susceptible to Psa infection than tetraploid (4 x ) A. chinensis var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple quantitative trait loci contribute tolerance to bacterial canker incited byPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiaein kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)

Tahir

Gardiner

Hoyte

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Developing and Using Bioassays to Screen for Psa Resistance in New Zealand Kiwifruit

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines

Phytohormone and Putative Defense Gene Expression Differentiates the Response of ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit to Psa and Pfm Infections

Multiple quantitative trait loci contribute tolerance to bacterial canker incited byPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiaein kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)

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