Developing and Testing a Tourism Impact Scale

Abstract

A 35-item tourism impact scale was developed. It was de rived from an initial pool of 147 impact items drawn from personal interviews and the literature, and it was refined us ing classical scale-development procedures. The scale com prises seven domains: social and cultural, economic, crowd ing and congestion, environmental, services, taxes, and community attitudes, although the latter two domains did not always emerge as independent factors. Testing was under taken with three independent samples drawn from communi ties exhibiting different tourism characteristics. The scale was demonstrated to have dimensional distinctiveness and stability, internal consistency, content validity, and conver gent validity. Tourism impacts were assessed by measuring both belief and affect toward the impact attributes.

Resident Support for Tourism Development in Rural Midwestern (USA) Communities: Perceived Tourism Impacts and Community Quality of Life Perspective

“…Compared with the response rate in other resident attitude studies, which have administered surveys by mail, the response rate of our surveys was low. For example, tourism development studies have reported response rates of 70% [8], 52% [27], 19% [71], and 14.6% [53]. The low response rate is one of the limitations of the research, which may minimize the generalizability of the findings.…”

“…Community services satisfaction includes resident perceptions of the various government, business, and nonprofit services that are potentially influenced by tourism development [25]. Positive and negative tourism impacts consequently influence community conditions and services [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

The Influence of Tourism Dependency on Tourism Impact and Development Support Attitude

“…Tourism impacts can be divided into three categories, namely, economic impact, social and cultural impact, and the impact of the environment [9] [10] .…”

An Assessment on Destination Characteristics: The Case Study of Pulau Perhentian

“…According to [9], the host communities seek to attract tourists to their area because of the industry's potential for improving existing economic and social conditions (i.e., the hosts' quality of life). Besides, "tourism generates jobs, wealth and revenues for government" [10, p.36].…”