Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries

Leung, Kwok; Lam, Ben C. P.; Bond, Michael Harris; Conway, Lucian Gideon; Gornick, Laura Janelle; Amponsah, Benjamin; Boehnke, Klaus; Dragolov, Georgi; Burgess, Steven M.; Golestaneh, Maha; Busch, Holger; Hofer, Jan; Espinosa, Alejandra; Fardis, Makon; Ismail, Rosnah; Kurman, Jenny; Lebedeva, Nadezhda; Tatarko, Alexander; Sam, David L.; Teixeira, María Luisa Mendes; Yamaguchi, Susumu; Fukuzawa, Ai; Zhang, Jianxin; Zhou, Fan

doi:10.1177/0022022111416361

Cited by 139 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We used a short form of the Social Axioms Survey, with 8 items tapping each dimension rated on a 5-point scale (1 = strongly disbelieve to 5 = strongly believe). The internal consistency (Cronbach α) for subscales ranged between 0.68 and 0.85 in a previous cross-cultural study including Chinese and German samples (Leung et al, 2011).…”

Section: Procedures and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 89%

Features of Prolonged Grief Symptoms in Chinese and Swiss Bereaved Parents

Xiu¹,

Maercker²,

Woynar³

et al. 2016

J Nerv Ment Dis

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This study investigates clinical expressions of prolonged grief in samples of 32 Chinese and 33 Swiss bereaved parents, according to the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision model of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Sex differences and predictors (cultural attitudes, sense of coherence, and posttraumatic growth) of PGD were analyzed. In result, after controlling for sociodemographic and loss-related sample differences, both samples showed similar PGD symptom profiles, with Swiss parents exhibiting more severe grief-related preoccupation and Chinese parents exhibiting some accessory symptoms and functional impairment to a greater extent. Multivariate analyses revealed for the Chinese sample primary predictions of PGD by life satisfaction, general health and one's world view (social cynicism) and for the Swiss sample by female sex, sense of coherence, and life satisfaction. The findings substantiate the basic appropriateness of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision PGD in distinct cultural groups and may contribute to a better understanding of grief expression and its potential predictors across different cultures.

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Section: Procedures and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 89%

Features of Prolonged Grief Symptoms in Chinese and Swiss Bereaved Parents

Xiu¹,

Maercker²,

Woynar³

et al. 2016

J Nerv Ment Dis

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“…Early work on social axioms has been relatively inductive and exploratory in nature (Leung et al, 2012), with researchers around the world validating the factor structure, establishing the construct validity, and examining the predictive power of social axioms (e.g., . With a well-validated factor structure and cumulative evidence about the main effects of social axioms, a deductive approach is needed to theorize about the cognitive processes underlying how social axioms work.…”

Section: World Views In Relation To Self-viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do people’s world views matter? The why and how.

Chen¹,

Lam²,

Wu³

et al. 2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Publisher's copyright statement:c 2016 APA, all rights reserved. This article may not exactly replicate the nal version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Over the past decades, personality and social psychologists have extensively investigated the role of self-views in individual functioning. Research on world views, however, has been less generative due to overly specific conceptualizations, and little research about how and why they impact life outcomes. To answer the questions of why and how world views matter, we conducted seven studies to examine the functions, antecedents, and consequences of generalized beliefs about the world, operationalized as social axioms (Leung et al., 2002). This research focused on two axiom factors, viz., social cynicism and reward for application. These axioms were found to explain individual differences in self-views over and above personality traits in Hong Kong and US samples (Study 1) and to explain cultural differences in self-views in addition to self-construals among Mainland Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, East Asian Canadians, and European Canadians (Study 2). Endorsement of social axioms by participants, their parents, and close friends was collected from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Canada to infer parental and peer influences on world views (Study 3). World views affected psychological well-being through the mediation of positive self-views across three age groups, including children, adolescents, and young adults (Study 4) and over time (Study 5). The mediation of negative self-views was through comparative self-criticism rather than internalized self-criticism (Study 6). Holistic thinking moderated the effect of social cynicism on self-views and psychological well-being (Study 7). These results converge to show that both world views as a distal force and self-views as a proximal force matter in people's subjective evaluation of their lives. The Why and How.As a cognitive framework that helps people organize information about the self and guide their social behavior, the utility of positive and negative self-views has received growing attention in the past three decades (e.g., Kuiper & Rogers, 1979;Markus, 1977). Theory and research have demonstrated that self-views function like schemas and beliefs to affect psychological outcomes, fueling the popularity of self-help books and programs designed to boost self-esteem (Swann & Seyle, 2005).Recent critiques, however, have challenged the ...

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“…Cuando se hacen intentos desde la psicología por estudiar variables culturales, como es el caso de las normas y creencias que describen a un grupo, de inicio se tiende a utilizar una metodología ideográfica, lo cual es congruente con la indagación en torno al contenido y las manifestaciones socioculturales del fenómeno, como en el caso del estudio de los axiomas sociales (creencias) de Leung y Bond (2004) y Leung et al (2012). Las primeras pesquisas etnográficas realizadas en Hong Kong y Venezuela aportaron las creencias típicas y comunes para estas dos muestras; sin embargo, al crear el instrumento nomotético postulado para estudiar diferencias culturales, rápidamente dieron paso a intentos por generalizar los hallazgos de dos grupos culturales como representantes de todas las creencias posibles para los seres humanos y, por tanto, a la declaración de que los contenidos obtenidos de la etapa exploratoria se podrían sustentar como exhaustivos y universales.…”

Section: La Cultura En La Psicologíaunclassified

Creencias y Normas en México: Una Actualización del Estudio de las Premisas Psico-Socio-Culturales

et al. 2015

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Estudiar las culturas incluye indagar en torno a los conceptos de creencias y normas para obtener el contenido de las reglas que coordinan el comportamiento, lo que se ha estudiado a través de las premisas psico-socio-culturales (PPSC; Díaz-Guerrero, 2002). La base de la etnopsicología del mexicano son las premisas originales de la familia (Díaz-Guerrero, 1994), las cuales no incluyen normas y creencias que rigen el comportamiento de parejas, la situación actual de género y aspectos de la vida postmoderna. El objetivo de la investigación fue indagar sobre las PPSC de manera que incluyera normas y creencias, en base a ítems extraídos de 4 inventarios, en una muestra no probabilística intencional de 1624 hombres y mujeres con diferentes niveles educativos, provenientes de 6 regiones diversas de México. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza factorial y de correlaciones (r) muestran la preponderancia del sexismo, machismo y marianismo, que marcan un apego mayor a la cultura conforme las personas pertenecen a ecosistemas más tradicionales, básicamente cuando la educación es más baja y cuando son hombres.Palabras clave: cultura, premisas, normas, creencias, etnopsicologíaThe study of cultures involves researching the concepts of beliefs and norms in order to reveal the content of the rules that coordinate human behavior, a task often pursued through an approach based on psycho-socio-cultural premises (PSCP; Díaz-Guerrero, 2002). The basis of the ethnopsychology of Mexicans is formed by the original premises of the family (Díaz-Guerrero, 1994), which lack norms or beliefs to regulate the behavior of couples, the current gender situation, or aspects of postmodern life. The goal of the present study was to investigate PSCPs in a manner that would include norms and beliefs. In order to do this, items were taken from 4 inventories and administered to a non probabilistic purposive sample of 1624 men and women of various educational levels, living in 6 different regions of Mexico. The analysis of variance and the correlation analysis (r) conducted reveal the predominance of sexism, machismo and marianismo, which are indicative of a stronger attachment to the culture in people belonging to more traditional ecosystems, basically people with lower education and males.

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Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries

Cited by 139 publications

References 39 publications

Features of Prolonged Grief Symptoms in Chinese and Swiss Bereaved Parents

Features of Prolonged Grief Symptoms in Chinese and Swiss Bereaved Parents

Do people’s world views matter? The why and how.

Creencias y Normas en México: Una Actualización del Estudio de las Premisas Psico-Socio-Culturales

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