“…While there are several types of games and gamification designs, the challenge-based gamification (e.g points, levels, leaderboard, clear goals/ tasks), as opposed to the immersion-and the social-based gamification, has been suggested (Dicheva et al, 2015;de Sousa Borges et al, 2014;Zichermann and Cunningham, 2011) and applied to a high degree in practice as gamification design in education (Koivisto and Hamari, 2019;Seaborn and Fels, 2015;de Sousa Borges et al, 2014). One or more of these gamification elements have been used with promising results even in educational topics relative to forecasting (Craighead, 2004;Gavirneni, 2008;Gel et al, 2014;Snider and Eliasson, 2013). However, there is still a lack of effective design guides and empirical data on the combination or integration of these features in the context of educational information systems (Koivisto and Hamari, 2019).…”