Developing alkaline titanate surfaces for medical applications

Abstract

Improving the surface of medical implants by plasma spraying of a hydroxyapatite coating can be of critical importance to their longevity and the patient's convalescence. However, residual stresses, cracking, undesired crystallisation and delamination of the coating compromise the implants lifetime. A promising alternative surface application is an alkali-chemical treatment to generate bioactive surfaces, such as sodium and calcium titanate and their derivatives. Such surfaces obviate the need for high temperatures and resulting micro-crack formation and potentially improve the bioactive and bone integration properties through their nanoporous structures. Also, metallic ions such as silver, gallium and copper can be substituted into the titanate structure with the potential to reduce or eliminate the infections. This review examines the formation and mechanisms of bioactive/antibacterial alkaline titanate surfaces, their successes and limitations, and explores the future development of implant interfaces via multifunctional titanate surfaces on Ti-based alloys and on alternative substrate materials.

One Step Sol-Gel Synthesis and Morphostructural Characterization of Sodium Titanate Particles

“…ultrafast responses and strong nonlinearity) that meet the current needs. Among the most studied nanomaterials, sodium titanates have been widely investigated because of their large surface area (up to 478 m 2 /g) and pore volume (up to 1.25 cm 3 /g) [1], showing great potential in the field of photocatalysis, photoluminescence, ion-exchange systems, photocleavage of water, and solar cells, as well as for biomaterials applications, making thus the technologies more affordable, durable, and environmentally sustainable [2,3]. The application of sodium titanate in sodium-ion batteries attracts significant attention from researchers worldwide, due to cost-effectiveness and availability as raw materials compared to the lithium-ion counterpart [4].…”