Developing a UV climatology for public health purposes using satellite data

Vuilleumier, Laurent; Harris, Todd C.; Nenes, Athanasios; Backes, Claudine; Vernez, David

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106177

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, the abundance of local shading and varying levels of shade seeking behaviour are (respectively) environmental and individual factors that lower doses and can vary substantially, but that our model does not yet account for due to a lack of information [11,34,51,52]. Our model assumes that subjects are fully exposed for the entire duration of their exposure period when, in reality, builders and skiers could find themselves on slopes that are topographically shaded, and builders especially could be occasionally shaded by foliage, structures, or even their colleagues and vehicles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While individual and environmental factors are mostly accounted for by our method, the measurement errors that affect dosimetry are not. Given that the Vuilleumier et al climatology has already been validated [11], we know that our ambient UV dose estimates are accurate. Therefore, to illustrate the challenges of personal dosimetry, the third main calculation performed in this paper is an empirical calculation of ERs by comparing the Dose ambient calculations from Equation (1) to the corresponding dosimetry measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The second key data source for this paper is the recently published UV climatology for Switzerland from Vuilleumier et al [11]. By utilising a variety of satellite data sources, this climatology is able to provide the all-sky, erythemally-weighted UV intensity across Switzerland from 2004 to 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a range of possible explanations for the remaining cases of exceedance listed in Table 2: uncertainty in the UV and dosimetry data, uncertainty in the location, and uncertainty in the ER model. Firstly, as discussed by Vuilleumier et al [11], there are uncertainties in the UV dataset. The validation against ground measurements found that 10% of the hourly UV values were off by more than ±0.5 UVI, which could culminate in a dose error on the order of 1 SED when integrated over multiple hours if the error was autocorrelated.…”

Section: What Are the Additional Sources Of Uncertainty That Led To Some Dosimetry Measurements Exceeding Their Corresponding Satellite-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual factors include body posture, the use of protective clothing (hats, sunglasses), sunscreen usage, and individual variations in shade-seeking behaviour [8][9][10]. Environmental factors include cloudiness, ozone, atmospheric turbidity, sun elevation (season, time of day), altitude, surface reflectivity, and the abundance of shading from man-made cover (e.g., structures) or natural cover (e.g., trees) [10,11]. Measurement errors include poorly mounted and misaligned dosimeters [12], the hardware-based uncertainties of each particular dosimeter [13][14][15], and the psychological effect that wearing a dosimeter can encourage a higher degree of shade-seeking behaviour in participants (the Hawthorne effect) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite-Based Personal UV Dose Estimation

et al. 2021

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Epidemiology and public health research relating to solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure usually relies on dosimetry to measure UV doses received by individuals. However, measurement errors affect each dosimetry measurement by unknown amounts, complicating the analysis of such measurements and their relationship to the underlying population exposure and the associated health outcomes. This paper presents a new approach to estimate UV doses without the use of dosimeters. By combining new satellite-derived UV data to account for environmental factors and simulation-based exposure ratio (ER) modelling to account for individual factors, we are able to estimate doses for specific exposure periods. This is a significant step forward for alternative dosimetry techniques which have previously been limited to annual dose estimation. We compare our dose estimates with dosimeter measurements from skiers and builders in Switzerland. The dosimetry measurements are expected to be slightly below the true doses due to a variety of dosimeter-related measurement errors, mostly explaining why our estimates are greater than or equal to the corresponding dosimetry measurements. Our approach holds much promise as a low-cost way to either complement or substitute traditional dosimetry. It can be applied in a research context, but is also fundamentally well-suited to be used as the basis for a dose-estimating mobile app that does not require an external device.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Are the Additional Sources Of Uncertainty That Led To Some Dosimetry Measurements Exceeding Their Corresponding Satellite-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite-Based Personal UV Dose Estimation

et al. 2021

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UVB promotes melanogenesis by regulating METTL3

Guo

Zeng

et al. 2023

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary exogenous inducer of skin pigmentation, although the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the key epigenetic form of gene regulation that affects multiple biological processes. The aim of this study was to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of m6A modification in UVB‐induced melanogenesis. Low‐dose UVB increased global m6A modification in melanocytes (MCs) and MNT1 melanoma cell line. The GEPIA database predicted that methyltransferase METTL3 is positively correlated with the melanogenic transcription factor MITF in the sun‐exposed skin tissues. After METTL3 respectively overexpressed and knocked down in the MNT1, the melanin content and melanogenesis‐related genes were significantly upregulated after overexpression of METTL3, especially with UVB irradiation, and downregulated after METTL3 knockdown. METTL3 levels were also higher in melanocytic nevi with high melanin content. METTL3 overexpression and knockdown also altered the protein level of YAP1. SRAMP analysis predicted four high‐potential m6A modification sites on YAP1 mRNA, of which three were confirmed by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation. Inhibition of YAP1 expression can partially reverse melanogenesis induced by overexpression of METTL3. In conclusion, UVB irradiation promotes global m6A modification in MCs and upregulates METTL3, which increases the expression level of YAP1 through m6A modification, thereby activating the co‐transcription factor TEAD1 and promoting melanogenesis.

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Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions

Bernhard

Bais

Aucamp³

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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This assessment provides a comprehensive update of the effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and other factors (aerosols, surface reflectivity, solar activity, and climate) on the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The assessment is performed in the context of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its Amendments and Adjustments. Changes in UV radiation at low- and mid-latitudes (0–60°) during the last 25 years have generally been small (e.g., typically less than 4% per decade, increasing at some sites and decreasing at others) and were mostly driven by changes in cloud cover and atmospheric aerosol content, caused partly by climate change and partly by measures to control tropospheric pollution. Without the Montreal Protocol, erythemal (sunburning) UV irradiance at northern and southern latitudes of less than 50° would have increased by 10–20% between 1996 and 2020. For southern latitudes exceeding 50°, the UV Index (UVI) would have surged by between 25% (year-round at the southern tip of South America) and more than 100% (South Pole in spring). Variability of erythemal irradiance in Antarctica was very large during the last four years. In spring 2019, erythemal UV radiation was at the minimum of the historical (1991–2018) range at the South Pole, while near record-high values were observed in spring 2020, which were up to 80% above the historical mean. In the Arctic, some of the highest erythemal irradiances on record were measured in March and April 2020. For example in March 2020, the monthly average UVI over a site in the Canadian Arctic was up to 70% higher than the historical (2005–2019) average, often exceeding this mean by three standard deviations. Under the presumption that all countries will adhere to the Montreal Protocol in the future and that atmospheric aerosol concentrations remain constant, erythemal irradiance at mid-latitudes (30–60°) is projected to decrease between 2015 and 2090 by 2–5% in the north and by 4–6% in the south due to recovering ozone. Changes projected for the tropics are ≤ 3%. However, in industrial regions that are currently affected by air pollution, UV radiation will increase as measures to reduce air pollutants will gradually restore UV radiation intensities to those of a cleaner atmosphere. Since most substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol are also greenhouse gases, the phase-out of these substances may have avoided warming by 0.5–1.0 °C over mid-latitude regions of the continents, and by more than 1.0 °C in the Arctic; however, the uncertainty of these calculations is large. We also assess the effects of changes in stratospheric ozone on climate, focusing on the poleward shift of climate zones, and discuss the role of the small Antarctic ozone hole in 2019 on the devastating “Black Summer” fires in Australia. Additional topics include the assessment of advances in measuring and modeling of UV radiation; methods for determining personal UV exposure; the effect of solar radiation management (stratospheric aerosol injections) on UV radiation relevant for plants; and possible revisions to the vitamin D action spectrum, which describes the wavelength dependence of the synthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin upon exposure to UV radiation. Graphical abstract

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Developing a UV climatology for public health purposes using satellite data

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Satellite-Based Personal UV Dose Estimation

Satellite-Based Personal UV Dose Estimation

UVB promotes melanogenesis by regulating METTL3

Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions

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