Developing a Tool to Measure Person-Centered Care in Service Planning

Abstract

Background: Delivering person-centered care is a key component of health care reform. Despite widespread endorsement, medical and behavioral health settings struggle to specify and measure person-centered care objectively. This study presents the validity and reliability of the Person-Centered Care Planning Assessment Measure (PCCP-AM), an objective measure of the extent to which service planning is person-centered.Methods: Based upon the recovery-oriented practice of person-centered care planning, the 10-item PCCP-AM tool rates service plans on the inclusion of service user strengths, personal life goals, natural supports, self-directed actions and the promotion of community integration. As part of a large randomized controlled trial of person-centered care planning, service plans completed by community mental health clinic providers were rated using the PCCP-AM. Reliability was tested by calculating inter-rater reliability across 168 plans and internal consistency across 798 plans. To test concurrent validity, PCCP-AM scores for 84 plans were compared to expert rater scores on a separate instrument.Results: Interrater reliability for each of the 10 PCCP-AM items as measured by Kendall's W ranged from W = 0.77 to W = 0.89 and percent of scores within ± 1 point of each other ranged from 85.7 to 100%. Overall internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha across 798 plans was α = 0.72. Concurrent validity as measured by Kendall's W ranged from W = 0.55 to W = 0.74 and percent of item scores within ± 1 point of expert rater scores ranged from 73.8 to 86.8%.Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that the 10-item PCCP-AM was a valid and reliable objective measure of person-centered care. Using the service plan as an indicator of multiple domains of person-centered care, the measure provides a valuable tool to inform clinical supervision and quality improvement across programs. More psychometric testing is needed to strengthen the measure for research purposes.

Development of central venous access device‐associated skin impairment assessment instrument

“…Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) was used to quantify the strength of consensus among the multiple raters of the CASI assessment tool. The value ranges from 0 (no agreement) to 1 (perfect agreement) (Melinosky et al., 2021 ; Stanhope et al., 2021 ). In our study, the two rounds of Delphi results showed that Kendall's W values were 0.394 and 0.402 for the domains and 0.279 and 0.330 for the items.…”

Psychosocial Exoskeletons

“…Focusing on each domain separately, specific needs, the presence of maladaptive psy-exoskeletal devices, and potential resources and modifiability can be assessed. Accordingly, unique comprehensive therapeutic psy-exoskeletons can be formulated—total package treatment plans, consistent with current trends to develop patient-centered care plans in medical and behavioral health settings that address personal life goals, natural supports, self-directed actions, and the promotion of community integration (Stanhope et al, 2021).…”

“…Such assessments can address each patient's existing functional capacities and remaining needs for psy-exoskeletal support regarding each of Maslow's domains: basic physiological needs (for food, water, sleep, and physical health); security needs (obtaining clothing, shelter, physical safety, finances, and basic health care, and managing the usual activities of daily living); affiliative needs (status of the individual's family and intimate relationships, friendships, pets, and work and community affiliations); needs for self-esteem and esteem (personal characteristics and accomplishments that generate pride or satisfaction, the regard of others); and higher, self-actualizing and transcendent needs (for meaning, Focusing on each domain separately, specific needs, the presence of maladaptive psy-exoskeletal devices, and potential resources and modifiability can be assessed. Accordingly, unique comprehensive therapeutic psy-exoskeletons can be formulated-total package treatment plans, consistent with current trends to develop patient-centered care plans in medical and behavioral health settings that address personal life goals, natural supports, self-directed actions, and the promotion of community integration (Stanhope et al, 2021).…”

The development and structural validity testing of the Person-centred Practice Inventory–Care (PCPI-C)

“…With the advancement of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) [43,44], Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMS) [45] and the World Health Organization (WHO) [15] emphasis on the development of people-centred and integrated health systems, greater emphasis has been placed on developing measures to determine the person-centredness of care experienced by service users. Several instruments have been developed to measure the effectiveness of person-centred care in specific services, such as mental health [45], primary care [46,47], aged care [48,49] and community care [50]. However only one other instrument adopts a generic approach to evaluating services users' experiences of person-centred care [51].…”