Developing a Social–Ecological–Environmental System Framework to Address Climate Change Impacts in the North Pacific

Bograd, Steven J.; Sukyung, Kang; Lorenzo, Emanuele Di; Horii, Toyomitsu; Katugin, Oleg N.; King, Jacquelynne R.; Лобанов, В. Б.; Makino, Mitsutaku; Na, Guangshui; Perry, R. Ian; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Saito, Hiroaki; Therriault, Thomas W.; Yoo, Sinjae; Batchelder, Harold P.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00333

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Climate change is impacting the social‐ecological‐environmental system in the Pacific (Bograd et al., 2019). Oceanic warming is already stressing coral reefs around the tropical Pacific (e.g., Dutra et al., 2021), with associated consequences to fisheries (e.g., Venegas et al., 2019), tourism (e.g., Curnock et al., 2019), and potentially the buffering ability of reefs against coastal inundations from waves (e.g., Hoeke et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of 21st Century Changing Sea Surface Temperature, Rainfall, and Sea Surface Height Patterns in the Tropical Pacific Islands Using CMIP6 Greenhouse Warming Projections

Dhage

Widlansky

2022

Earth's Future

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Tropical Pacific Islands face unknown rates of future warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, but almost certain changing climate stresses. Continued global warming is projected to cause further changes to the mean conditions and variability of sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, and sea surface height (SSH). Previous climate model simulations showed that the equatorial Pacific is likely to have greater increased rainfall, compared to elsewhere in the tropics. There is less certainty about future rainfall changes away from the equator, including around many of the numerous tropical Pacific Islands. Here, we assess the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐phase 6 (CMIP6) as it relates to future changes of SST, rainfall, and SSH in the tropical Pacific. Focus is on the island regions of Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa, as well as the Niño 3.4 region. We consider two development narratives of the 21st century by assessing the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 experiments, and describe climate changes in the tropical Pacific relative to the recent historical conditions that are likely for either 1.5°C or 3°C of global mean surface temperature (GMST) warming above preindustrial levels. Consistent with prior‐generation climate models, we find that future rainfall increases the most where SST warming is greatest, and also an overall increase of interannual variability associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affecting rainfall and SSH. We describe changes in SST, rainfall, and SSH for particular warming amounts, and make comparisons with time‐based climate assessments during the 21st century, which are relevant results toward better understanding uncertainty and supporting adaptation efforts in the tropical Pacific Islands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of 21st Century Changing Sea Surface Temperature, Rainfall, and Sea Surface Height Patterns in the Tropical Pacific Islands Using CMIP6 Greenhouse Warming Projections

Dhage

Widlansky

2022

Earth's Future

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“…MHWs are expected to increase in frequency, magnitude, and duration as global temperatures continue to rise (Frolicher et al., 2018; Jacox, 2019; Oliver, 2019; Oliver et al., 2018). These events have significant ecological consequences for the affected systems, as well as economic consequences for the local communities that rely on those systems (Bograd et al., 2019; Frolicher & Laufkotter, 2018; Richerson et al., 2018; Ritzman et al., 2018; Smale et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2021). Understanding the physical mechanisms and associated climate drivers that cause and maintain MHWs is essential to predicting the onset and development of these events in the future and will help us anticipate and mitigate their ecological and economic consequences (Bograd et al., 2019; N. J. Holbrook et al., 2019; Smale et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors

et al. 2022

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged warm water events that are increasing in frequency and magnitude due to rising global temperatures. The Northeast Pacific Blob was an unusually widespread MHW that affected ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific, from producers to top predators. Temperature and salinity data collected by northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from 2014 to 2017 show significant (>2 sd) warm anomalies throughout the top 1,000 m of the water column, with peak warming in late 2015. Using temperature and salinity as a tracer of layers of constant density, we looked at how lateral advection may have contributed to the development of the Blob. Temperature and salinity anomalies and the expansion of the water column at the base of the pycnocline both indicate that northward advection of warm, salty water played an important role in the observed accumulation of warm water, in addition to surface warming. These findings contribute to our understanding of the physical dynamics of the Blob, especially the thermal content and structure of the water column, and offer mechanisms for its formation and maintenance, which are crucial to assessing the ecological effects of MHWs now and in the future.

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“…The environment faced by humans is composed of the natural environment (ecological sub-system) and the social environment (social sub-system). The ecological sub-system expands from the initial natural resources to include natural resources and the natural environment [ 33 ], while the social sub-system includes the socio-political-economic context, governance systems, and actors [ 34 ]. Social-ecological systems (SES) theory assumes that ecological and social sub-systems do not exist in isolation from each other but interact to have a significant impact on the system as a whole [ 35 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Water Matter? The Impact of Water Vulnerability on Corporate Financial Performance

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aims to understand the potential relationship between water vulnerability and corporate financial performance for listed companies in China. Studies have argued that water risk has begun to affect the sustainability of firms, but few studies have included water conditions in the research framework to examine whether and how water conditions have a direct impact on firms. In addition, studies on environment governance have emphasized the impact of government environmental regulation on firms. This study focuses on both regulation and government investments that have been previously neglected. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2016 to 2020, this paper uses pooled cross-sectional regressions with year and industry fixed effects to examine the effects of water vulnerability on corporate financial performance and analyze the mechanism of government water governance (which can be divided into water regulation and water investment) on the relationship between water vulnerability and corporate financial performance. This study finds that water vulnerability could negatively impact corporate financial performance, and water regulation can intensify but water investment couldn’t significantly relieve the negative impact. The relationships above differ between SOEs and non-SOEs and water-intensive and non-water-intensive industries.

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Developing a Social–Ecological–Environmental System Framework to Address Climate Change Impacts in the North Pacific

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Assessment of 21st Century Changing Sea Surface Temperature, Rainfall, and Sea Surface Height Patterns in the Tropical Pacific Islands Using CMIP6 Greenhouse Warming Projections

Assessment of 21st Century Changing Sea Surface Temperature, Rainfall, and Sea Surface Height Patterns in the Tropical Pacific Islands Using CMIP6 Greenhouse Warming Projections

Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors

Does Water Matter? The Impact of Water Vulnerability on Corporate Financial Performance

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