Developing a Seismic Land Capability Framework for Earthquake-Resistant Housing Based on Gis Approach: A Case of Sukabumi District

Abstract

The majority of fatalities in an earthquake are those caused by collapsing buildings. The ability of the land to endure seismic activity, Seismic Land Capability (SLc), has a significant impact on this catastrophe. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to create a comprehensive framework for SLc and its impact on the vulnerability of built-up areas (BV). This objective aligns with the Indonesian government's initiative to promote earthquake-resistant housing in regions susceptible to seismic threats. The selection of Sukabumi District in West Java, Indonesia, a region renowned for its high seismic activity, as the primary focus of this study, highlights its significance. Distinctively, this research transcends conventional analyses of earthquake vulnerability by incorporating a diverse array of factors that contribute to land instability and the potential for residential area collapse. It employs a sophisticated spatial model, evaluated through the application of a weighted score method and multicriteria analysis within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework. The findings reveal that the majority of communities reside within zones of moderate vulnerability, characterized by an unstable to moderate SLc level. The validation of the spatial model, conducted through an empirical validation method, demonstrated a high degree of accuracy, with a score of 0.87 according to Guilford scale. Crucially, the study identifies a multitude of parameters as pivotal in the construction of an effective SLc and BV spatial model. These parameters include seismic history, soil type, and the structural and geological features of the land, as well as the slope/topography, the land use of built-up areas, and socio-economic data such as types of buildings and the readiness of disaster infrastructure. Through its comprehensive analysis, this research furnishes essential insights for augmenting disaster preparedness and informing efforts to build earthquake-resistant housing, thereby significantly contributing to the mitigation of earthquake-related risks and enhancing the safety and resilience of vulnerable communities