Developing a revised social force model for pedestrians’ earthquake emergency evacuation

Abstract

After earthquake, the correct and efficient earthquake emergency evacuation of pedestrian is crucial for reducing casualties. Based on the research on the quantitative of panic coefficient and the calibration of initial desired speed, this research has constructed the revised social force model which could accurately simulate the post-earthquake evacuation process of the crowed. Using the revised social force model, the effects of classroom layout, seismic intensity, the number of safeties exits and the number of students in the classroom on the evacuation efficiency are further studied. And then, according to the research results, the classroom layout has been further optimized to improve the students' earthquake emergency evacuation efficiency. These research results are scientific bases for the targeted earthquake emergency safety education and the design of classroom layout.

Seismic evacuation simulation in a dynamic indoor environment

“…Existing seismic evacuation models are mainly focused on the physical and psychological effects of earthquakes on crowd evacuation. On the psychological level, pedestrians' panic 11 and anxiety 15 emotions are examined for their effect on the interaction forces among leaders and other pedestrians and pedestrians' desired velocity. Zhang et al 10 distinguished three types of pedestrians: leaders, group members, and outliers.…”

“…Zhang et al 10 used earthquake videos to analyze crowd grouping and aggregation behavior, and divide the crowd into leaders and followers. Zhou et al 11 examined the effect of panic on the velocity of crowd evacuation. Lu et al 12 predicted the distribution of falling debris from outdoor nonstructural components and quantified the effect of ground debris density on pedestrian movement.…”

Human Behavior During Emergency Evacuation: Cell Transmission Model

“…There are two categories for pedestrian evacuation research, i.e., empirical methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and simulation methods [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The results of the experiments can provide the basic data for the prediction of pedestrian evacuation.…”

“…In the simulation process of microscopic model, each pedestrian is regarded as a discrete individual. Typical representatives of the microscopic model are the social force, lattice gas, and cellular automaton models [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In the social force model, the pedestrians can be considered as structureless particles and the movement is based on Newtonian mechanics.…”

“…Li et al [23] improved the social force model to compare the path selection and evacuation tactic of pedestrians under the condition of complete and incomplete evacuation information. Zhou et al [24] constructed the revised social force model for pedestrians' earthquake emergency evacuation. Huo et al [25] used an extended lattice gas model to analyze pedestrian merging flow on a floor-stair interface.…”