“…Seamless communication across the entire healthcare system ─ a transparent way to track patients' illnesses along with treatment history, equipment requirements, medical supply chains and so on ─ can improve the efficiency of the healthcare ecosystem. The illustrative examples in Table 1 demonstrate how blockchain contains some of the major challenges associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, spanning complications associated with medical data sharing and breaches of patients' data privacy (Lenert and McSwain, 2020;Zeng et al, 2020), the absence of real-time monitoring tools (Leung et al, 2020;Bi et al, 2020), counterfeit medical products and non-credible suppliers (Newton et al, 2020;Ranney et al, 2020;Gereffi, 2020), fallacious insurance claims and overly long insurance claim processes (Wang et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2020), misappropriations of funds (Wu and Zhu, 2020;Bin-Nashwan et al, 2020), and misinformation, rumors and fake news (Islam et al, 2020;Barua et al, 2020). The following discussion addresses each of the challenges in the light of the blockchain-based healthcare cases.…”