Developing a Portable Spectrometer to Detect Chemical Contaminants in Irrigation Water

Abstract

Water pollution is a critical issue since it can severely affect health and the environment. The purpose of the study is to develop a portable spectrometer (ESP32-based spectrometer) to detect chemical contaminants in irrigation water by observing the light absorbance of contaminants. ESP32 and a light sensor (photodiode) were respectively, used as the main controller and detector of the portable spectrometer. It was developed based on optical dispersion and Beer–Lambert law theory. The light absorbance of different types of contaminants was displayed in a Blynk application for real-time monitoring. The samples were also tested using a lab-based spectroscopy method, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The spectral range of the measurement is from 350 nm to 700 nm and the standard error of the ESP32-based spectrometer is from 0.01 to 0.05. Five water samples were tested, consisting of ammonium nitrate, organic pesticide, zinc oxide and two different reservoirs used for irrigation. The absorption peaks of the ammonium nitrate and organic pesticide are 363 nm and 361 nm, respectively. Zinc oxide shows the absorbance peak at 405 nm, whereas both reservoirs show absorbance peaks lie in the region from 300 nm to 370 nm. Therefore, this study shows that different types of contaminants can absorb light only at specific wavelength regions by considering the concentration of samples. The developed ESP32-based spectrometer can be applied for on-site water quality monitoring as it is portable, light, simple and can be monitored in real time using multiple devices.

Advances in Water Resource Management: An In Situ Sensor Solution for Monitoring High Concentrations of Chromium in the Electroplating Industry

“…Within the eligible methods for in situ detection, UV-Vis spectrophotometry is one of the most suitable techniques due to its lack of complex procedures, immediate results, naked-eye detection, and the possibility of prototyping a low-cost device [21][22][23][24]. Since analyte concentrations are notably low (in fact, they fall in the ppm or ppb range), UV-Vis detection requires the utilisation of chelating agents, namely chromophore, to introduce a discernible colour for analysis.…”

Preface to the Special Issue “Agricultural Environmental Pollution, Risk Assessment, and Control”

“…The eleventh article dealt with the evaluation of a dynamic tube method for estimating ammonia emissions from agricultural fields under application [11]. Similarly, the twelfth article demonstrated the development of a portable spectrometer for the efficient detection of chemical contaminants in irrigation water systems [12]. The thirteenth paper highlighted that livelihood capital played a significant role in determining the attitude of farmers in the Yilong Lake Basin, China, which ultimately affected the performance of agricultural pollution management [13].…”