Developing a novel packed in‐tube solid‐phase extraction method for determination ^∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in biological samples and cannabis leaves

Abstract

A novel plate‐like nano‐sorbent based on copper/cobalt/chromium layered double hydroxide was synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticels were introduced into a stainless steel cartridge using a dry packing method. Then, the packed cartridge was introduced as a novel on‐line “packed in‐tube” configuration and followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace amounts of ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol from biological samples and cannabis leaves. The as‐prepared sorbent exhibited long lifetime, good chemical stability, and high anion‐exchange capacity. Several important factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as extraction and desorption times, pH of the sample solution and flow rates of the sample and eluent solutions, were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, this method showed good linearity for ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in the ranges of 0.09–500, 0.3–500, and 0.4–500 µg/L with coefficients of determination of 0.9999, 0.9991, and 0.9994 in water, serum and plasma samples, respectively. The inter‐ and intra‐assay precisions (n = 3) were respectively in the ranges of 1.8–4.6% and 1.9–4.0% at three concentration levels of 10, 50, and 100 µg/L. The limits of detection were also in the range of 0.02–0.1 µg/L.

Extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids: an update

“…The optimum extraction parameters (optimised vi experimental design) were found to be: extraction time 60 min, extraction temperature 50°C, extraction solvent water–methanol–acetone(5:4:1) with addition of salt (10% sodium chloride (NaCl)), for the extraction of CBD ( 3 ), THC ( 12 ) and CBN ( 8 ). Another experiment utilised in‐tube SPE of THC ( 12 ) from Cannabis leaves as well as from biological samples, 32 and important parameters affecting extraction efficiency, e.g. extraction and desorption times, pH of the sample solution and flow rates of the sample and eluent solutions, were investigated and optimised.…”

“…Analysis of cannabinoids in any blood sample requires an extraction step, online or offline. Asiabi et al 32 described an in‐tube SPE method for the extraction of THC ( 12 ) in biological samples including human serum and plasma. In this study, a new plate‐like nano‐sorbent based on copper/cobalt/chromium layered double hydroxide was synthesised, and the synthesised nanoparticles were introduced into a stainless‐steel cartridge using a dry packing method.…”

Fast and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for quantification of cannabinoids and their metabolites in plasma of cattle fed hemp

“…Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) methods have been widely employed for the analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis and biological samples [14][15][16]. Recently, multiple research studies have been conducted to investigate the transfer of cannabinoids from hemp-related diets to livestock tissues and products [8,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Analysis of the California list of pesticides, mycotoxins, and cannabinoids in chocolate using liquid chromatography and low‐pressure gas chromatography‐based platforms

“…In terms of phytoconstituents, multiple studies describing diverse analytical methods for the determination of cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis matrices have been recently reported [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Furthermore, SMPRs for the quantitation of cannabinoids in cannabis concentrates have been published [ 38 ], and several literature reviews outlining the most up‐to‐date information in terpene and potency analysis are also available [ 7 , 8 , 39 , 40 ].…”