Developing a novel calcium magnesium silicate/graphene oxide incorporated silk fibroin porous scaffold with enhanced osteogenesis, angiogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis

Abstract

Recently, biofunctional ions (Mg2+, Si4+, etc.) and graphene derivatives are proved to be promising in stimulating bone formation. In this study, a novel inorganic/organic composite porous scaffold based on silk fibroin (SF), graphene oxide (GO), and calcium magnesium silicate (CMS) was developed for bone repair. The porous scaffolds obtained by lyophilization showed a little difference in pore structure while GO and CMS displayed a good interaction with SF matrix. The addition of CMS with good mineralization potential and sustainedly release ability of biofunctional ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si4+) increased the strength of SF scaffolds a little and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by upregulating bone formation-related genes (ALP, COL1, OC and Runx2). The further incorporation of GO in SF scaffolds enhanced the compressive strength and water retention, and also remarkably promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Besides, the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was significantly promoted by CMS/GO/SF scaffold extract through the upregulation of angiogenesis genes (eNOs and bFGF). Moreover, the osteoclastic formation ability of RAW264.7 cells was suppressed by the released ions from CMS/GO/SF scaffold through the down-regulation of CAK, MMP9 and TRAP. The promoted osteogenesis, angiogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis functions of CMS/GO/SF composite scaffold may enable it as a novel therapy for bone repair and regeneration.

The recombinant BMP-2 loaded silk fibroin microspheres improved the bone phenotype of mild osteogenesis imperfecta mice

“…Silk fibroin (SF) microspheres are natural proteins derived from silk that have excellent histocompatibility and biodegradability ( Kundu et al, 2013 ). As drug carriers, SF microparticles can adsorb or encapsulate growth factors and small molecular drugs and give an almost steady release of drugs locally for a longer duration of time ( Farokhi et al, 2020 ; DeBari et al, 2021 ), rendering them widely useful in bone regeneration and repair ( Wu et al, 2022 ). However, the SF delivery system has not been used in the treatment of OI.…”