“…It may be learning activities, processes, resources, and various environments driven by digital in educational institutions at various levels, including basic education, vocational education, higher education, informal education, and alternative education (Kuosmanen, Fleming, Newell, & Barry, 2017;Haleem, Javaid, Qadri, & Suman, 2022;Sormunen et al, 2020;Yang, Zargar, Adams, Day, & Connor, 2021;O'Connell & Lucić, 2021;Akour & Alenezi, 2022). Examples of digital interventions in educational settings include the use of Internet-based learning, hybrid learning, MOOC platforms, mobile learning apps, student relationship management systems, and virtual classrooms (Rattanasak, 2023;Napaporn et al, 2023;Nittayathammakul et al, 2023;Kohpeisansukwattana, Siriwattananon, & Charoenwanit, 2024;Kaewrattanapat et al, 2023;Raes et al, 2020). However, before a digital intervention can be developed, a thorough context study, feasibility study, and analysis of the factors influencing the desired state should be undertaken to design and develop the appropriate digital intervention (McKenney & Reeves, 2021).…”