Developing a flow through chamber system for automated measurements of soil N 2 O and CO 2 emissions

Kostyanovsky, Kirill; Huggins, David R.; Stöckle, Claudio O.; Waldo, Sarah; Lamb, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.05.040

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The system included Li-Cor 8100A automatic chambers coupled with LGR 23r N 2 O analyzer for continuous monitoring of CO 2 and N 2 O emissions in a short-term microplot study. More details on the instrumentation setup can be found in Kostyanovsky et al (2017). The experimental design at each site was a split-plot design with 3-4 replications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

et al. 2019

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions result from short-term perturbations of agricultural systems such as precipitation and fertilization events. We hypothesized that those agricultural systems with contrasting management histories may respond differently to application events of water and N fertilizer with respect to GHG emissions. Studies with long-term management histories consisting of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were coupled with high temporal resolution, automated chambers that monitored N 2 O and CO 2 emissions for 22 h following treatments. Treatments applied to NT and CT were (a) control (no water or N additions), (b) simulated precipitation to achieve approximately 80% water-filled pore space, and (c) precipitation plus fertilizer additions of 150 kg N ha −1 as ammonium nitrate. Emissions of CO 2 increased with increase in moisture and temperature and decreased under fertilizer application. Water and nitrogen treatments in CT at the sites with 2 and 12-year history produced N 2 O fluxes greater than NT by 142 and 68%, respectively. The site with 10-year history of NT produced similar amounts of N 2 O from CT and NT treatments. The same treatments at the site with 31 year-long NT history, despite being one of the lowest among all sites, demonstrated 380% higher N 2 O fluxes from the NT than CT, which was likely due to higher levels of labile organic matter present in NT treatments. GHG emissions data regressed on measured soil C and N properties, fractionation, and mineralization data showed that N 2 O flux increased with reduction of acid-hydrolyzable N and increase of NH 4-N in soil, which suggested that N 2 O production in the short-term water and water and N additions events is mostly produced via nitrification process. This indicates that neither the length of NT treatment nor the fertilizer application rate define the rate of N 2 O emissions, but the soil N availability controlled by organic matter mineralization rate. The current study demonstrates the need for further research on the effects of the early stages of NT adoption as well as long-term NT on N 2 O spikes associated with artificial or natural rainfall events immediately following extended dry periods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

et al. 2019

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“…The use of automatic chambers is one approach to obtain continuous estimation of soil GHG flux data at high temporal frequency (several measurements per days) at various sampling points. Since the 1970s (Denmead, 1979), a variety of technical solutions for automated flux sampling have been developed (Ambus et al, 2010;Breuer et al, 2000;Görres et al, 2016;Kostyanovsky et al, 2018;O'Connell et al, 2018;Petrakis et al, 2017a;Savage et al, 2014), particularly for soil CO 2 fluxes. However, accurate detection of CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes from soils via flow through systems is more difficult than CO 2 due to significantly lower background concentrations and lower flux rates (Kostyanovsky et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4 months. A chamber closure time of 2 min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100 % and 98.5 % of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux – MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25 min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6 % of measured fluxes are above MDF ± 0.002 nmol m−2 s−1). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.

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“…The N 2 O flux out of the soil was calculated as Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences instrument is 0.3 ppb on a 1-s basis which yields a minimum flux detection limit of 0.008 nmol N 2 O m −2 s −1 for the chamber method. The chamber system is described in more detail by Kostyanovsky et al (2017).…”

Section: Chamber Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N₂O Emissions From Two Agroecosystems: High Spatial Variability and Long Pulses Observed Using Static Chambers and the Flux‐Gradient Technique

et al. 2019

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With the addition of nitrogen (N), agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic source of N2O, but high spatial and temporal variabilities make N2O emissions difficult to characterize at the field scale. This study used flux‐gradient measurements to continuously monitor N2O emissions at two agricultural fields under different management regimes in the inland Pacific Northwest of Washington State, USA. Automated 16‐chamber arrays were also deployed at each site; chamber monitoring results aided the interpretation of the flux gradient results. The cumulative emissions over the six‐month (1 April–30 September) monitoring period were 2.4 ± 0.7 and 2.1 ± 2 kg N2O‐N/ha at the no‐till and conventional till sites, respectively. At both sites, maximum N2O emissions occurred following the first rainfall event after N fertilization, and both sites had monthlong emission pulses. The no‐till site had a larger N2O emission factor than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 emission factor of 1% of the N input, while the conventional‐till site's emission factor was close to 1% of the N input. However, these emission factors are likely conservative. We estimate that the global warming potential of the N2O emissions at these sites is larger than that of the no‐till conversion carbon uptake. We recommend the use of chambers to investigate spatiotemporal controls as a complementary method to micrometeorological monitoring, especially in systems with high variability. Continued monitoring coupled with the use of models is necessary to investigate how changing management and environmental conditions will affect N2O emissions.

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Developing a flow through chamber system for automated measurements of soil N 2 O and CO 2 emissions

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest

N₂O Emissions From Two Agroecosystems: High Spatial Variability and Long Pulses Observed Using Static Chambers and the Flux‐Gradient Technique

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Developing a flow through chamber system for automated measurements of soil N 2 O and CO 2 emissions

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest

N2O Emissions From Two Agroecosystems: High Spatial Variability and Long Pulses Observed Using Static Chambers and the Flux‐Gradient Technique

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N₂O Emissions From Two Agroecosystems: High Spatial Variability and Long Pulses Observed Using Static Chambers and the Flux‐Gradient Technique