Developing a cost effective environmental solution for produced water and creating a ''new'' water resource

Doran, Glenn; Leong, Lawrence Y.C.

doi:10.2172/754302

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(4 reference statements)

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“…These data indicate that the sludge generated from the warm softening process during the pilot study is not hazardous. Similar results were obtained during analyses of warm softening sludge in the DOE Placerita Canyon pilot study (Doran, 1998).…”

Section: Warm Softening Unitsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…• Establish the optimal pH range for operation of the clarifier to treat the brackish produced water specific to the San Ardo, CA oilfield and meet the end water quality objectives. An earlier study (Doran, 1998) at Placerita Canyon oilfield indicated that the optimum pH for removal of hardness and silica by a warm softening process is approximately 9.5. However, for effective removal of ammonia by the cooling tower and boron by the RO, the calculated pH of the softened water had to be above 10.5.…”

Section: Warm Softening Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boron rejection by the brackish water RO membranes is highly dependent on feedwater pH. Previous pilot investigations (Doran, 1998) indicated that a pH between 10.5 and 11 was needed to ionize the boron so that it would be removed by the brackish water membranes. However, the optimum pH for hardness and silica removal in the warm softening unit is about 9.5.…”

Section: Case 3 Claricone™ Holding Tanks and Brackish Water Romentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section reviews treatment processes that are potentially applicable for treatment of San Ardo produced water and presents the process train selected for the pilot study. A key goal of this project is to lower the Operations & Maintenance (O&M) costs for the treatment of San Ardo oilfield produced water based on the findings of the previous DOE pilot study at Placerita Canyon (Doran, 1998). Table 4-1 summarizes the water quality characteristics of the Placerita and San Ardo produced waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial Reuse of San Ardo Produced Water

Liske¹

2006

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This DOE funded study was performed to evaluate the potential for treatment and beneficial reuse of produced water from the San Ardo oilfield in Monterey County, CA. The potential benefits of a successful full-scale implementation of this project include improvements in oil production efficiency and additional recoverable oil reserves as well as the addition of a new reclaimed water resource. The overall project was conducted in two Phases. Phase I identified and evaluated potential end uses for the treated produced water, established treated water quality objectives, reviewed regulations related to treatment, transport, storage and use of the treated produced water, and investigated various water treatment technology options. Phase II involved the construction and operation of a small-scale water treatment pilot facility to evaluate the process's performance on produced water from the San Ardo oilfield. Cost estimates for a potential full-scale facility were also developed. Potential end uses identified for the treated water include i) agricultural use near the oilfield, ii) use by Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) for the Salinas Valley Water Project or Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project, iii) industrial or power plant use in King City, and iv) use for wetlands creation in the Salinas Basin. All of these uses were found to have major obstacles that prevent full-scale implementation. An additional option for potential reuse of the treated produced water was subsequently identified. That option involves using the treated produced water to recharge groundwater in the vicinity of the oil field. The recharge option may avoid the limitations that the other reuse options face. The water treatment pilot process utilized: i) warm precipitation softening to remove hardness and silica, ii) evaporative cooling to meet downstream temperature limitations and facilitate removal of ammonia, and iii) reverse osmosis (RO) for removal of dissolved salts, boron, and organics. Pilot study results indicate that produced water from the San Ardo oilfield can be treated to meet project water quality goals. Approximately 600 mg/l of caustic and 100 mg/l magnesium dosing were required to meet the hardness and silica goals in the warm softening unit. Approximately 30% of the ammonia was removed in the cooling tower; additional ammonia could be removed by ion exchange or other methods if necessary. A brackish water reverse osmosis membrane was effective in removing total dissolved solids and organics at all pH levels evaluated; however, the boron treatment objective was only achieved at a pH of 10.5 and above.

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Section: Warm Softening Unitsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Warm Softening Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case 3 Claricone™ Holding Tanks and Brackish Water Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial Reuse of San Ardo Produced Water

Liske¹

2006

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“…Cost estimates (in 1993 dollars) for the proposed Despite these successful demonstrations, reverse osmosis has remained at a developmental stage in the oil and gas industry due to concerns over fouling from oil and biofouling promoted by dissolved organic compounds (Hayes and Arthur 2004). Even after pre-treatment with a walnut shell filter (oil), warm lime (silicate), trickling filter biological treatment (soluble organics), sand filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange softeners, rapid decreases in reverse osmosis performance due to fouling from oil can occur (Doran and Leong 2000). Even after pre-treatment with a walnut shell filter (oil), warm lime (silicate), trickling filter biological treatment (soluble organics), sand filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange softeners, rapid decreases in reverse osmosis performance due to fouling from oil can occur (Doran and Leong 2000).…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

Allen

2008

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

167

131

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Canada's oil sands industry uses large volumes of freshwater to extract bitumen from surface-mined ore. With oil production expected to increase 3-fold over the next decade, process water treatment has become a critical issue for oil sands operators, both in terms of sustaining bitumen recovery and protecting freshwater resources. To identify candidate treatment technologies, a review was conducted on the state-of-the-art of water treatment in the oil industry. Significant developments include (i) chemical modifications to adsorbents and membranes to improve pollutant removal and reduce fouling; (ii) hybridization of adsorbent, membrane, and bioreactor technologies to enhance the biological treatment of toxic feedwaters; (iii) advances in photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds; and (iv) implementation of large-scale treatment wetlands to treat hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewaters. In adapting treatment technologies to the oil sands, operators will need to consider the fouling potential of bitumen and fine clays, the effect of process water alkalinity on treatment performance, and the biodegradability of toxic organic compounds.Résumé : L'industrie des sables bitumineux au Canada utilise d'importants volumes d'eau douce afin d'extraire le bitume du minerai prélevé en surface. En considérant que la production de pétrole devrait tripler au cours de la prochaine décennie, le traitement de l'eau de procédé devient une préoccupation cruciale pour les exploitants des sables bitumineux en termes de récupération durable du pétrole et de la protection des ressources en eau douce. Afin d'identifier des technologies de traitement potentielles, un examen de l'état des connaissances sur le traitement des eaux a été réalisé pour l'industrie du pétrole. Les développements importants comprennent : (i) des modifications chimiques aux adsorbants et aux membranes afin d'améliorer l'élimination des polluants et réduire le colmatage; (ii) l'hybridation de l'adsorbant, la membrane et les technologies des bioréacteurs afin d'améliorer le traitement biologique des eaux d'entrée toxiques; (iii) des progrès dans l'oxydation photocatalytique des composés organiques; et (iv) l'implantation de marécages de traitement à grande échelle afin de traiter les eaux usées contaminées par les hydrocarbures. En adoptant ces technologies de traitement aux sables bitumineux, les exploitants devront tenir compte du potentiel de colmatage du bitume et des argiles fines, de l'effet de l'alcalinité de l'eau de procédé sur le rendement du traitement, ainsi que de la biodégradabilité des composés organiques toxiques.

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Bibliography and Further Reading

Bahadori

2013

Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries

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Developing a cost effective environmental solution for produced water and creating a ''new'' water resource

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Beneficial Reuse of San Ardo Produced Water

Beneficial Reuse of San Ardo Produced Water

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: II. A review of emerging technologies

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