Developing a broad categorisation scheme to describe risk factors for mental illness, for use in prevention policy and planning

Furber, Gareth; Leach, Matthew; Guy, Sophie; Segal, Leonie

doi:10.1177/0004867416642844

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(59 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…From the available studies, we also mapped the risk factors which have an impact on perinatal mental health. For the purpose of grouping the identified risk factors, we used a broad categorization scheme put forward by Furber et al [ 29 ]. This categorization scheme lists all “ever” identified potential risk factors for mental illness under primary and secondary risk categories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview

Doraiswamy

Jithesh

Chaabane

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: Perinatal mental illness (PMI) is associated with a high risk of maternal and infant morbidity. Recently, several systematic reviews and primary studies have explored the prevalence and risk factors of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. To our knowledge, there has been no critical analysis of the existing systematic reviews (SRs) on this topic in the MENA region. Our systematic overview primarily aimed to synthesize evidence from the published SRs on PMI in the MENA countries focusing on a) the prevalence of PMI and b) the risk factors associated with PMI. Methods: We conducted a systematic overview of the epidemiology of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa region by searching the PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2019. In addition to searching the reference lists of the identified SRs for other relevant SRs and additional primary studies of relevance (those which primarily discussed the prevalence of PMI and/or risk and protective factors), between August and October 2019, we also searched Google Scholar for relevant studies. Results: After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 systematic reviews (SRs) and 79 primary studies were included in our overview. Studies utilizing validated diagnostic tools report a PMI prevalence range from 5.6% in Morocco to 28% in Pakistan. On the other hand, studies utilizing screening tools to detect PMI report a prevalence range of 9.2% in Sudan to 85.6% in the United Arab Emirates. Wide variations were observed in studies reporting PMI risk factors. We regrouped the risk factors applying an evidence-based categorization scheme. Our study indicates that risk factors in the relational, psychological, and sociodemographic categories are the most studied in the region. Conversely, lifestyle-related risk factors were less studied. Conclusions: Our systematic overview identifies perinatal mental illness as an important public health issue in the region. Standardizing approaches for estimating, preventing, screening, and treating perinatal mental illness would be a step in the right direction for the region.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview

Doraiswamy

Jithesh

Chaabane

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…M ental health and well‐being is shaped by a broad range of factors, including genetics, family and peer relationships, psychological and physiological functioning, lifestyle, occupation/education, physical environment, socioeconomic status, cultural factors, and the historical and political context . While the interplay of these factors (positive and negative) can be complex, it is well established that the accumulation of risks and adversities over childhood and adolescence increases the risk of poor mental health and developing a mental illness .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Policy Points: The developmental origins understanding of mental illness suggests the possibility of prevention, through addressing childhood adversities.More than 43% of Indigenous Australian children aged 6 to 10 years have 6 or more risk factors for mental illness in adulthood, and 23% are experiencing current psychological distress.Substantial risk is already present in infancy (eg, 67% exposed to 3 or more stressful family life events, and 42.5% are not living with both birth parents).An integrated service system response that can both offer high‐level therapeutic services and address associated multiple adversities, from conception to late adolescence, is urgently needed to address current psychological distress in Indigenous Australian children and to reduce the future burden of mental illness. ContextMental illness is a high source of disease burden across the globe. Mental illness is now understood as largely developmental, with its genesis at least in part in adverse childhood experiences. We sought to estimate the prevalence of childhood risks for poor mental health in Indigenous Australian children, noting that Indigenous Australians by virtue of their history of traumatic colonization and dispossession, child removal, and racism are potentially at greater risk.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive study of the modifiable risks and adversities associated with mental illness in Australian Indigenous children (infancy to 10 years), using data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC), a cohort of 1,671 infants enrolled in 2008 and followed up annually. Risk factors of interest were identified from a comprehensive literature review of childhood determinants of adult mental illness by Fryers and Brugha (2013). The age‐category prevalence of individual risks and a multiple‐risk score were computed using data extracted from 6 waves of LSIC.FindingsThe analytic data comprised 8,378 person‐observations from the first 6 waves. Children in LSIC experience high rates of adversities. In utero, nearly 50% were exposed to smoking and 22% to alcohol. As infants, 42.5% were not living with both birth parents. Over two‐thirds of survey children were in households that had experienced, in the previous 12 months, 3 or more major life events; 22% to 26% lived in households with a drug or alcohol problem; and 18% were exposed to domestic violence (41% were ever‐exposed to age 10). At school, nearly 40% of children were bullied. Over 45% of children aged 6 to 10 years were exposed to 6 or more risks for mental illness. Few children (< 2%) were exposed to low parental warmth and, despite the high exposure to adversities, less than 5% of children report low self‐confidence. This suggests considerable resilience. More than 1 in 4 children had conduct problems in the clinical range and more than 1 in 5 were experiencing high psychological distress.ConclusionsIndigenous children in Australia face extreme levels of multiple disadvantage, exposing many to current psychological distress and high risk of developing me...

show abstract

“…These risk factors (such as elements of personality, friendship support, and parenting) could in future be targeted for modification in people at risk of impulsive and compulsive problems, in order to avert the development of these impairing pathologies. This would potentially shift the emphasis in psychiatry more towards prevention (Furber et al, 2017), as well as treatment; a shift that has been deployed with success in other areas of healthcare, and in other areas of psychiatry outside the impulsivecompulsive sphere. Measures collected at study baseline (2012)(2013)(2014) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS 11 full version) (Patton, Stanford et al 1995) This question asks about impulsive tendencies and behaviours; for each, the individual indicates the extent to which it applies to them (not at all, a little, quite a lot, or very much; scored 0-4 per item)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of impulsive and compulsive trans-diagnostic phenotypes and their longitudinal associations

Chamberlain

Tiego

Fontenelle

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Young adulthood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period during which impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours commonly emerge. While traditionally considered diametrically opposed, impulsive and compulsive symptoms tend to co-occur. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify the optimal trans-diagnostic structural framework for measuring impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours; and (ii) to use this optimal framework to identify common/distinct antecedents of these latent phenotypes.Methods: 654 young adults were recruited as part of the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN), a population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. The optimal trans-diagnostic structural model capturing 33 types of impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours was identified. Baseline predictors of subsequent impulsive and compulsive trans-diagnostic phenotypes were characterised, along with cross-sectional associations, using Partial Least Squares (PLS).Results: Current problem behaviours were optimally explained by a bi-factor model, which yielded dissociable measures of impulsivity and compulsivity, as well as a general disinhibition factor. Impulsive problem behaviours were significantly explained by prior antisocial and impulsive personality traits, male gender, general distress, perceived dysfunctional parenting, and teasing/arguments within friendships. Compulsive problem behaviours were significantly explained by prior compulsive traits, and female gender.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that trans-diagnostic phenotypes of 33 impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours are identifiable in young adults, utilizing a bi-factor model based on responses to a single questionnaire. Furthermore, these phenotypes have different antecedents. The findings yield a new framework for fractionating impulsivity and compulsivity; and suggest different early intervention targets to avert emergence of problem behaviours. This framework may be useful for future biological and clinical dissection of impulsivity and compulsivity.

show abstract

Developing a broad categorisation scheme to describe risk factors for mental illness, for use in prevention policy and planning

Abstract: The categorisation scheme developed in this paper is a step towards a more detailed taxonomy of risk factors for mental illness; this will be most useful in guiding clinicians, researchers and policy-makers in driving the prevention agenda forward.

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview

Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview

Risks for Mental Illness in Indigenous Australian Children: A Descriptive Study Demonstrating High Levels of Vulnerability

Fractionation of impulsive and compulsive trans-diagnostic phenotypes and their longitudinal associations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About