“…elimination and substitution) are generally considered more effective, reliable and cost-efficient than the lower-level controls (CDC, 2018). Furthermore, when addressing safety issues using BIM, most studies have also only targeted a specific Research: (Kiviniemi et al, 2011;Azhar et al, 2012;Melzner et al, 2013;Sulankivi et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Collins et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016) Research: (Azhar et al, 2012;Lee, Cho, Ham, Lee, Lee, Yun and Yang, 2012a;Chen et al, 2013;Clevenger et al, 2014;Shen and Marks, 2015) type of site hazard (e.g. falls).…”