Devastating Delayed Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Bath Salt Inhalation

Kramer, Christopher; Wetzel, David R.; Wijdicks, Eelco F. M.

doi:10.1007/s12028-015-0226-6

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Kramer et al identified abnormal diffusion restriction in the splenium of the corpus callosum and subcortical white matter in a case of a 36 year old man with bath salt intoxication, accompanied by dysautonomia and encephalopathy [6]. Kramer, et al also demonstrated subcortical white matter signal abnormalities on brain MRI in a 14 year old girl with onset of hyponatremia after synthetic cathinone use [7].…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinone ("Bath Salts"/bliss/ivory Wave)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Classes of Synthetic Illicit Drugs Can Significantly Harm the Brain: A Neuro Imaging Perspective with Full Review of MRI Findings

Warden

Latif

et al. 2018

CRIJ

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Synthetic drugs contain substances that are pharmacologically similar to those found in traditional illicit drugs. Some of the most commonly abused synthetic drugs include synthetic marijuana, bath salts, ecstasy, N-bomb, methamphetamine and anabolic steroids. Many of them share the same chemical properties and physiologic responses with the drugs they mimic and may exaggerate the pathologic response in the brain leading to addiction. These drugs have detrimental (and often irreversible) effects on the brain and primarily affect the central nervous system by two mechanisms: 1) Neural hyper stimulation via increasing activation of certain neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin), 2) Cause significant reduction in CNS neural connectivity affecting various brain regions such as the basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, parietal lobe, and globus pallidus. Furthermore these drugs sometimes have severe, lifethreatening adverse effects on the human body. A few structural MRI studies have been conducted in synthetic drug abusers to reveal the effects of these drugs on the brain parenchyma. This review article will describe the potential brain imaging findings in synthetic drug abusers as demonstrated by several case reports and the primary literature.

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Section: Synthetic Cathinone ("Bath Salts"/bliss/ivory Wave)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Classes of Synthetic Illicit Drugs Can Significantly Harm the Brain: A Neuro Imaging Perspective with Full Review of MRI Findings

Warden

Latif

et al. 2018

CRIJ

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“…Other designer drugs like "Bath salts", which have similar effects to cocaine, induce acute intraparenchymal and subarachnoid haemorrhage as well as ischemic infarction [227]. Bath salt intoxication in a 36-year-old man led to delayed encephalopathy, dysautonomia, fulminant hepatic failure, and renal failure from severe rhabdomyolysis [228], and in a 14-year-old girl, this was accompanied by hyponatremia [229].…”

Section: Effects On Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Phytocannabinoids and Recreational Synthetic Cannabinoids: Increasing Risk of Public Health

et al. 2021

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Synthetic Cannabinoids (CBs) are a novel class of psychoactive substances that have rapidly evolved around the world with the addition of diverse structural modifications to existing molecules which produce new structural analogues that can be associated with serious adverse health effects. Synthetic CBs represent the largest class of drugs detected by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) with a total of 207 substances identified from 2008 to October 2020, and 9 compounds being reported for the first time. Synthetic CBs are sprayed on natural harmless herbs with an aim to mimic the euphoric effect of Cannabis. They are sold under different brand names including Black mamba, spice, K2, Bombay Blue, etc. As these synthetic CBs act as full agonists at the CB receptors, they are much more potent than natural Cannabis and have been increasingly associated with acute to chronic intoxications and death. Due to their potential toxicity and abuse, the US government has listed some synthetic CBs under schedule 1 classification. The present review aims to provide a focused overview of the literature concerning the development of synthetic CBs, their abuse, and potential toxicological effects including renal toxicity, respiratory depression, hyperemesis syndrome, cardiovascular effects, and a range of effects on brain function.

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Schäden des Zentralnervensystems bei Drogenkonsum

Bachhuber

2018

Radiologe

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Devastating Delayed Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Bath Salt Inhalation

Abstract: The combination of acute leukoencephalopathy, rhabdomyolysis and fulminant hepatic failure may point to bath salt inhalation and should be known to neurointensivists.

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The New Classes of Synthetic Illicit Drugs Can Significantly Harm the Brain: A Neuro Imaging Perspective with Full Review of MRI Findings

The New Classes of Synthetic Illicit Drugs Can Significantly Harm the Brain: A Neuro Imaging Perspective with Full Review of MRI Findings

Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Phytocannabinoids and Recreational Synthetic Cannabinoids: Increasing Risk of Public Health

Schäden des Zentralnervensystems bei Drogenkonsum

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