Deuterium inventory in Tore Supra: Coupled carbon–deuterium balance

Pégouriè, B.; Panayotis, S.; Languille, P.; Martin, Céline; Dittmar, T.; Gauthier, E.; Hatchressian, Jean-Claude; Pascal, J.-Y.; Roubin, P.; Ruffe, R.; Tsitrone, E.; Vartanian, S.; Wang, H.; Beauté, A.; Bouvet, J.; Brosset, C.; Bucalossi, J.; Cabié, Martiane; Caprin, E.; Courtois, X.; Dachicourt, R.; Delchambre, E.; Dominici, Christian; Douai, D.; Ekedahl, A.; Gunn, J.; Hakola, A.; Jacob, W.; Khodja, H.; Likonen, J.; Linez, F.; Litnovsky, A.; Marandet, Y.; Markelj, S.; Martinez, A.; Mayer, M.; Meyer, Olivier; Monier‐Garbet, P.; Moreau, Philippe; Negrier, V.; Oddon, P.; Pardanaud, C.; Pasquet, B.; Pelicon, Primož; Petersson, P.; Philipps, V.; Possnert, Göran; Reiter, D.; Roth, J.; Roure, I.; Rubel, M.; Saint‐Laurent, F.; Samaille, F.; Vavpetič, Primož

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.019

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although these equations look rather ‘simple’, in practice for the case of a large number of different traps they correspond (Krasheninnikov & Marenkov 2014) to a family of complex fractional (Klafter & Sokolov 2011) and nonlinear diffusion equations which have a complex short term time response to the impinging plasma flux and unusual long-term outgassing time dependence, which resembles that observed in experiments (see Pégourié et al. 2013; Philipps et al. 2013).…”

Section: Basic Physics Of the Divertor Plasmamentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These models employ a continuous approximation and describe diffusive transport of the mobile species and their reactions with the immobile ones and with available traps. Although these equations look rather 'simple', in practice for the case of a large number of different traps they correspond (Krasheninnikov & Marenkov 2014) to a family of complex fractional (Klafter & Sokolov 2011) and nonlinear diffusion equations which have a complex short term time response to the impinging plasma flux and unusual long-term outgassing time dependence, which resembles that observed in experiments (see Pégourié et al 2013;Philipps et al 2013). Overall, our understanding of the wall processes is still very poor.…”

Section: Processes Related To Plasma-materials Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Krasheninnikov¹,

2017

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The basic physics of the processes playing the most important role in divertor plasma detachment is reviewed. The models used in the two-dimensional edge plasma transport codes that are widely used to address different issues of the edge plasma physics and to simulate the experimental data, as well as the numerical schemes and convergence issues, are described. The processes leading to ultimate divertor plasma detachment, the transition to and the stability of the detached regime, as well as the impact of the magnetic configuration and divertor geometry on detachment, are considered. A consistent, integral physical picture of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma is developed.

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Section: Basic Physics Of the Divertor Plasmamentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Processes Related To Plasma-materials Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Krasheninnikov¹,

2017

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“…To this aim, deuterium retention inside the Tore Supra tokamak (TS), able to perform longtime discharges, has been extensively studied during long time scales of operation (5 years) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], the main plasma-facing component, called the toroidal pumped limiter, being made of carbon/carbon composite [12]. Post mortem analyses were used to quantify the amount of D trapped inside the materials.…”

Section: Context Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand this behavior, the importance of a long-term D release has been suggested and then characterized: D was found to be released slowly but significantly with time, this phenomenon strongly depending on the sample temperature [7]. This long term release was then able to reconcile post mortem and particle balance measurements [7,9]. However carbon is no longer planned to be used for the plasma-facing components of ITER.…”

Section: Context Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman microscopy as a defect microprobe for hydrogen bonding characterization in materials used in fusion applications

Pardanaud

Addab

Martin

et al. 2014

Phys. Status Solidi C

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International audienceWe present the Raman microscopy ability to detect and characterize the way hydrogen is bonded with elements that will be used for ITER's plasma facing components. For this purpose we first use hydrogenated amorphous carbon samples, formed subsequently to plasma-wall interactions (hydrogen implantation, erosion, deposition...) occurring inside tokamaks, to demonstrate how this technique can be used to retrieve useful information. We pay attention in identifying which spectroscopic parameters are sensitive to the local structure (sp 3 /sp 2) and which gives information on the hydrogen content using isothermal and linear temperature ramp studies on reference samples produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We then focus on the possibility to use this fast, non-destructive and non-contact technique to characterize the influence of hydrogen isotope implantation in few nanometers of graphite and beryllium as C is still used in the JT-60 tokamak and Be is used in JET and will be used as plasma-facing component in the future reactor ITER. We also pay attention on implantation in tungsten oxide which may be formed accidently in the machine

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“…Although for safety issues carbon has been left away from promising materials for ITER, experience gained with graphitic materials for understanding processes at play in plasma/wall interactions is still useful . For example, detailed analyses of deuterium implantation and retention in the C/C composites of the Tore Supra tokamak walls have been recently performed, and have lead to a consistent understanding of the C and D balance and migration during the whole Tore Supra operation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐plane and out‐of‐plane defects of graphite bombarded by H, D and He investigated by atomic force and Raman microscopies

Pardanaud

Martin

Cartry

et al. 2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

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International audienceGraphite samples exposed to H, D and He plasma at fluencies from 10(16) to 10(18)cm(-2) have been investigated by means of atomic force and Raman microscopies. The ion energy was varied between 40 and 800eV, and the ion incidence was either perpendicular (Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite) or parallel (carbon/carbon composite) to the basal plane. When increasing the impinging ion energy, the growth of nanometric domes at the surface has been observed by atomic force microscopy and the incident kinetic energy has been found as the parameter determining their height. Two different Raman signatures related to (1) a graphitic nano-crystalline component similar to that of a 10(14)cm(-2) bombarded 1-, 2- and 3-layer graphene, and to (2) an amorphous component, have been evidenced. Polarization studies have revealed that these components are related to regions with either in-plane or out-of-plane disorder, coexisting in the material. These Raman studies have also revealed that both the defect-defect distance in the first case and the aromatic domain size in the second case are typically 1nm. When the number of vacancies created in the material increases, the number of in-plane defects decreases to the benefit of the out-of-plane defects. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Deuterium inventory in Tore Supra: Coupled carbon–deuterium balance

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Raman microscopy as a defect microprobe for hydrogen bonding characterization in materials used in fusion applications

In‐plane and out‐of‐plane defects of graphite bombarded by H, D and He investigated by atomic force and Raman microscopies

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