Deuterium/hydrogen ratios in Australian rainfall

Hartley, P.E.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(81)90071-8

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This might be due to the patterns of cooling as well as the initial dew points. Similar spatial variation phenomenon have been observed and documented at different locations worldwide and attributed to various factors such as temperature of condensation (Dansgaard 1964;Hartley 1981), origin of air mass vapor (Gat and Dansgaard 1972), and evaporation and isotopic exchange between falling rain and atmospheric water vapor (Stewart 1975). The first review of the Jordanian database revealed that the observed pattern of distribution of d 18 O and dD is related to a number of environmental factors such as altitude, surface air temperature, and distance from the coast (Bajjali 1990).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Spatial variability of environmental isotope and chemical content of precipitation in Jordan and evidence of slight change in climate

Bajjali

2012

Appl Water Sci

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The spatial variability of the d 18 O and dD compositions of rain is attributed to variations in amount of precipitation (PPT), altitude effect, and air masses originating from different sources. Air masses that enter the area passing the Mediterranean Sea result in higher d-excess. The cold and dry continental air masses originating from the European continent come in contact with the warm Mediterranean Sea water, resulting in rapid evaporation and large scale convergence. The low d-excess value is less than 16 % and associated with air masses that cross over the North African continent and controlled by a local orographic effect. The change in isotopic composition of d 18 O in PPT with altitude is -0.15 % per 100 m. A statistical model confirms that a slight decrease in annual average precipitation has occurred since 1988 and attributed to a minor change in climate. The current level of tritium in rain corresponds to the average level of tritium in the atmosphere. Rabba station recorded a twofold higher tritium concentration in 1995 than the other stations, which may be from leakage from a nuclear station in Israel. The chemistry of rainwater demonstrates a wide range of salinity (100-600 mg/l). The lowest solute concentrations are found at high elevations, and the highest solute concentrations are found in the eastern desert and the Jordan Rift valley. The salinity of rain is affected by desert dust, aerosols, amounts of PPT, and the direction of rain fronts. The aerosols and windblown soil are the most prevailing as the country is confined between three seas and the outcrop surficial geology is mainly sedimentary rocks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Spatial variability of environmental isotope and chemical content of precipitation in Jordan and evidence of slight change in climate

Bajjali

2012

Appl Water Sci

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“…Large variations in the isotopic compositions of precipitation over short periods of time (hours or days) at individual locations are commonly observed. Factors influencing rainfall isotopic compositions are temperature of condensation [e.g., Dansgaard, 1964;Hartley, 1981], origin of air mass vapor [Gat and Dansgaard, 1972], and evaporation and isotopic exchange between falling raindrops and surrounding water vapor [Ehhalt et al, 1963;Stewart, 1975]. Recently, Heathcote and Lloyd [1986] observed large variations in rainfall isotopic composition on a time scale of a few days, which showed no seasonal dependence nor any clear relationship with daily mean air temperature.…”

Section: Potential Problems Of 8d Rain Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium variations in storm rainfall: Implications for stream hydrograph separation

McDonnell¹,

Bonell²,

Stewart³

et al. 1990

Water Resources Research

280

217

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Isotopic variation in storm rainfall is an important consideration in hydrograph separation using the mass balance approach but is rarely considered when determining the accuracy of old water estimates. Study of a small watershed on the South Island of New Zealand in which new water is a major component of the storm hydrograph shows that, in addition to the within‐storm isotopic variations themselves, rainfall weighting techniques may substantially influence estimates of old/new water as a function of both total runoff and total quick flow production. Two incremental approaches to rainfall weighting are presented. Results show that within‐storm incremental weighting is better than the standard weighting technique, which imposes a total storm rainfall value exogenously on the mass balance equation.

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“…The fact that the value of the gradient is < 1 supposes the existence of a minimum rainfall amount conducive to runoff and infiltration. Indeed it is known that the heavy isotope content of precipitated water decreases with the importance of the rainy event: this is the "amount effect" [HartIcy, 1981].…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope characteristics of meteoric water and groundwater in the Sahelo‐Sudanese zone

Joseph¹,

Frangi²,

Aranyossy³

1992

J. Geophys. Res.

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The stable isotopic concentration (18O and 2H) of water in phreatic aquifers in the Sahelo‐Sudanese zone of Africa is representative of the original mean rainfall contributing to ground water recharge. The isotopic decrease of 18O in the rainwater and groundwater (−0.084 ‰ 100 km−1) showed an east‐west gradient. This suggests a supply of water vapor transported by the zonal flows East African Jet, Tropical Easterly Jet, and Easterly Waves, thus increasing the contribution from the evaporating surfaces of the Indian Ocean in relation to that of the Guinean monsoon. The gradient also indicates the importance of atmospheric recycling of continental water through evapotranspiration. A model of conservation of the isotopic masses is presented which takes into account the return of continental vapor toward the rain‐giving clouds. The remaining fraction of water vapor during the east‐west transit between Djibouti and Dakar is thus determined by evapotranspiration.

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Deuterium/hydrogen ratios in Australian rainfall

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Spatial variability of environmental isotope and chemical content of precipitation in Jordan and evidence of slight change in climate

Spatial variability of environmental isotope and chemical content of precipitation in Jordan and evidence of slight change in climate

Deuterium variations in storm rainfall: Implications for stream hydrograph separation

Isotope characteristics of meteoric water and groundwater in the Sahelo‐Sudanese zone

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