Deuterium-deuterium nuclear cross-sections in insulator and metallic environments

Salzmann, David; Hass, M.

doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10598-1

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In recent years a number of different experiments, with target adsorbed in a metallic matrix, have evidenced a strong enhancement in the fusion reaction rate at few keV [18,19,20,21,22]. For instance, the d(d, t)p reaction has been widely investigated and 6,7 Li(d, α) 4,5 He has been studied with similar results.…”

Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 91%

“…One can observe as a screening potential U q three times lower than in the standard DH case (U q ∼ 100 eV instead of U DH ∼ 300eV), is required to reproduce the experimental data. An electrostatic screening potential of this order of magnitude has been obtained, for instance, by Saltzmann and Hass [22] through a Thomas-Fermi model of the electron gas in a deuterated-copper target (they obtained a screening potential of 163 eV , instead of the 470 eV needed to reproduce the experimental results). Now we are treating g(q) and q as free parameters, but, in principle, a link can be establish between the inverse DH ra-dius, the temperature fluctuations and the q-index:…”

Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore if we have information from experiments or from models on the charge distribution we can fix the function g(q) and its value. For instance, in [22] the distribution around deuterons is evaluated by means of a Thomas-Fermi model.…”

Section: Modified Debye-hückel Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However in deuterated metal target experiments, a potential U e of hundreds of eV , ten times greater than the limit U ad , is needed to reproduce the results. A possible explanation has been proposed (see [18,19,20,21,22]) based on a simplified model of the classical quasifree electron. It predicts an electron screening distance of the order of the Debye length.…”

Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Rates of deuteron-deuteron fusion in metal matrices have shown a great increase respect to the standard laboratory measurements and have shown a non negligible influence of the conducting electrons [18,19,20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear problems in astrophysical q-plasmas and environments

Coraddu¹,

Lissia²,

Quarati³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Phys.

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Experimental measurements in terrestrial laboratory, space and astrophysical observations of variation and fluctuation of nuclear decay constants, measurements of large enhancements in fusion reaction rate of deuterons implanted in metals and electron capture by nuclei in solar core indicate that these processes depend on the environment where they take place and possibly also on the fluctuation of some extensive parameters and eventually on stellar energy production. Electron screening is the first important environment effect. We need to develop a treatment beyond the Debye-Hückel screening approach, commonly adopted within global thermodynamic equilibrium. Advances in the description of these processes can be obtained by means of q-thermostatistics and/or superstatistics for metastable states. This implies to handle, without ambiguities, the case q < 1.

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Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Modified Debye-hückel Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anomalous Enhancement In Low Energy D-d Fusion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nuclear problems in astrophysical q-plasmas and environments

Coraddu¹,

Lissia²,

Quarati³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Phys.

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Anomalous enhancements of low-energy fusion rates in plasmas: the role of ion momentum distributions and inhomogeneous screening

Coraddu¹,

Lissia²,

Quarati

2009

Open Physics

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Abstract:Non-resonant fusion cross-sections significantly higher than corresponding theoretical predictions are observed in low-energy experiments with deuterated matrix target. Models based on thermal effects, electron screening, or quantum-effect dispersion relations have been proposed to explain these anomalous results: none of them appears to satisfactory reproduce the experiments. Velocity distributions are fundamental for the reaction rates and deviations from the Maxwellian limit could play a central role in explaining the enhancement. We examine two effects: an increase of the tail of the target Deuteron momentum distribution due to the Galitskii-Yakimets quantum uncertainty effect, which broadens the energy-momentum relation; and spatial fluctuations of the Debye-Hückel radius leading to an effective increase of electron screening. Either effect leads to larger reaction rates especially large at energies below a few keV, reducing the discrepancy between observations and theoretical expectations. 05.20.Dd; 25.60.Pj; PACS (2008):

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Electron Screening in Laboratory Nuclear Reactions

Vesić

2024

Particles

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A thorough understanding of nuclear reaction rates at low energies is essential for improving our understanding of energy generation in stars and primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis. At low energies, fusion reactions between charged particles are strongly suppressed by the presence of the Coulomb barrier, which classically inhibits the penetration of one nucleus into another. The barrier penetration causes the cross section to have a steep energy dependence at low energies, making cross section measurements very challenging. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of surrounding electrons in stellar plasmas that are currently beyond the reach of experiments. As a result, measuring the bare cross sections as accurately as possible is essential. Reaction rate measurements at very low energies have been made possible in recent years by the development of high-current low-energy accelerators as well as enhanced target and detection methods. Nevertheless, the presence of atomic electrons, which alter the Coulomb barrier by screening the nuclear charge and increase the cross section at low energies compared to the case of bare nuclei, complicates these observations. A review of the experimental and corresponding theoretical work on laboratory electron screening performed so far will be presented.

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Deuterium-deuterium nuclear cross-sections in insulator and metallic environments

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Nuclear problems in astrophysical q-plasmas and environments

Nuclear problems in astrophysical q-plasmas and environments

Anomalous enhancements of low-energy fusion rates in plasmas: the role of ion momentum distributions and inhomogeneous screening

Electron Screening in Laboratory Nuclear Reactions

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